a)

How Joseph came to live in Egypt

1. Joseph was the son of Jacob and his beloved wife Rachel
2. Jacob loved Joseph more than any of his 12 children, because he was the son of his old age and his beloved wife
3. For this reason, Jacob made a beautiful robe with long sleeves for Joseph
4. His brothers hated him for this favouritism
5. Again, Joseph had a gift for dreams which he narrated to his father and brothers
6. His brothers hated him more because all his dreams implied that Joseph would rule over them
7. Again, Joseph's bad reports about his brothers increased their hatred for him
8. One day, while his brothers were tending the flocks in the field his father sent him to see how they were faring
9. When the brothers saw him, they planned to kill him
10. One of the brothers however, advised against this plot and instead suggested that he should be thrown into a dry well which they did
11. Joseph was later removed from the well and sold to some traders on their way to Egypt
12. The traders in turn sold Joseph to Potiphar who was an official of the Pharaoh in Egypt

b)

Moral lessons learnt from Joseph's story

1. Need to overcome material gains
2. Need to listen to good counsel or advice
3. Avoid bad friends/company/peers
4. Avoid hatred/jealousy/evil/lie
5. Beware of deceptive suggestions/exercise caution
6. Love one another and be kind
7. Avoid discrimination/favouritism
8. Parents should treat children equally/love them all
9. Conspiracy to commit evil should be avoided
10. Parents should help children to develop their potential/self-esteem
11. Need for tolerance
12. Need for sympathy

a)

Contributions of Caliph Abu Bakr to Islam

1. Abu Bakr was the first Caliph to succeed Prophet Mohammed
2. He helped in the collection of various fragmented verses to make the Qur'an into a single book
3. He helped to build the mosque at Medina and paid for the land on which it was built
4. He taught Muslims the hajj rites and rituals
5. He appointed local rulers who were devoted to Islam
6. He appointed judges and clerics of high integrity
7. He brought unity among Muslims and crushed a lot of rebellions
8. He devoted all his wealth to the service of Allah, and the prophet Mohammed and the needy
9. During his time as Caliph, Islam spread to many parts of the world (e.g. Iraq and Syria)
10. Although he was physically tortured, he stood firm for the cause of islam
11. Helped in the resolution of conflicts regarding the succession between the Awars and Khrj-raz
12. Was instrumental in freeing many slaves, including Billal the Muezzin
13. Appointed his successor before he died. This was done to avoid confusion and quarrels which could shake the foundation of Islam
14. He put in place element of democratic governance by consulting important personalities in the community before taking decisions
15. He was the first Caliph to preach/propagate Islam

b)

Lessons to be learnt from the life of Caliph Abu Bakr

1. We should be willing to use wealth for the work of Allah
2. We should have the courage to sacrifice all we have for the faithful service of Allah
3. We should endure all form of trials and tribulations for the sake of Allah
4. We should be honest, trustworthy and truthful to our deeds
5. We should help the poor and the needy in the society
6. We should be steadfast/committed to Allah/God
7. We should help spread the words of Allah
8. Tolerance/humility
9. Generosity/kindness
10. Muslims should be brave and courageous to fight in the name of Allah
11. We must respect and fear Allah
12. We should be loyal to each other and the state
13. We should be peacemakers/resolvers of conflicts

a)

Traditional myth on the separation between man and God

1. God once lived very close to man
2. Man could tough Him and feel His presence
3. Due to the disobedience of man, God withdrew from man
4. An old woman was pounding fufu everyday
5. She kept hitting God with her long pestle
6. God warned her to desist from the practice
7. But this continued until one day, God withdrew and went to His present abode, the sky
8. Man tried to bring God back by making a ladder, but they could not get closer to Him

OR

1. Another traditional myth from the Mender of (Sierra Leone) says that once God was closer to man
2. He gave man permission to ask for anything that he wanted
3. So everyday, they went up to him for their needs
4. Their demands became so incessant (continuing without stopping/unpleasant) that God became worried
5. He therefore removed himself from them and went up to the heavens
6. Thus there was a time when there was no limitation at all to the communication between God and man

b)

Characters of humankind from the traditionaly myth story

1. Disobedient
2. Greedy/selfish
3. Rebellion/lawless
4. Irresponsible
5. Disrespectful
6. Careless
7. Tendency to act independent of God
8. Lustful
9. Man needs God always
10. Proud
11. Insensitive/not loving
12. Stubborn
13. Troublesome
14. Repentance
15. Persistence
16. Co-operative

a)

Processes involved in showing repentance

1. Acknowledgement: Realizing one's fault or wrong action as sinner or wrong doer and accepting full responsibility for one's actions
2. Regret: Showing regret/remorse for doing wrong or for the bad deeds done
3. Pardon: Request for pardon/forgiveness. Approach the one you have wronged and humbly apologize
4. Cease: Avoid doing the wrong thing again. Need not to repeat such deeds
5. Sorry: Learning to say "sorry" or "I am sorry"
6. Follow Religion: Living in accordance with the wishes of one's object of worship
7. The guilty person must offer compensation to the offended person where necessary
8. In the case of stealing, the offender must return/restore the stolen items, if possible

b)

Reasons for showing regret for one's wrong deeds

1. Leads to reconciliation. It helps to repair broken relationship with God, man and community members
2. Promotes unity and peace. When one regrets for his/her wrong deeds enmity is eroded which helps to ensure peace and unity
3. Enables one to receive forgiveness/pardon. After regretting and accepting one's fault one is assured to receive forgiveness
4. Saves a person from eternal punishment. One is saved from everlasting destruction and punishment
5. Saves one from sin. Showing regret for one's wrong deeds means that one's wrongful acts have been forgiven
6. Promotes progress and development. It helps family members to work together as a team to ensure progress in the family
7. Attracts both material and spiritual blessing
8. Leads to trust in the individual
9. Leads to confidence i.e. we can easily approach the person we have wronged without any guilt
10. Helps to reduce conflict/self destruction

a)

Factors to be considered before greeting someone

1. The age of the person - whether the person is an adult or peer
2. Sex - whether the person is a male or female
3. Time of the day - morning, afternoon, evening, night
4. Venue/the place e.g. farm, school, market, church, mosque, shrine, home
5. Whether the person is an authority figure e.g. Chief, Rev. Minister, DCE, MP, Head of State, etc.
6. Which of the hands/parts of the body to use in greeting. E.g. peers, elderly person, chiefs, relatives, etc.
7. Whether one has ever come into contact with the person before
8. Situation/mood in which the person is e.g. bereaved, worship, marriage, outdooring, birthday, just given birth, etc.

b)

Importance of greeting

1. Brings peace and unity among people
2. Shows that a person is respectful
3. Sign of good training/upbringing/cultured
4. Paves the way for help/assistance/recognition
5. Brings individuals together as one people
6. Promotes friendship/good relationship between people living in a given society
7. Starts conversation
8. Attracts blessing from God/ancestors/elders,etc.
9. Social responsibility/expected cultural practice
10. Strengthens good neighbourliness and sound relationship between two or more people
11. Gradually erodes hatred, fear, suspicion and enmity between people, thus it helps people to relate cordially
12. Failing to greet/respond to greetings may indicate bad relationship

a)

Dangers associated with self-medication

1. It can kill a person (death)
2. Psychological problems e.g. absenteeism/low output
3. It can lead to vices such as theft, rebellion against authority etc.
4. It may lead to health challenges i.e. heart problems, cancer, etc.
5. Uncaring lifestyles e.g. violence, increased crime, truancy
6. It can deform a person/cause physical damage to the body
7. One may become dependent and addicted to the drug
8. It can cause delay in the proper treatment of a disease
9. It disrupts regular sleep
10. It causes mood swings and abnormal behaviour/madness
11. It may lead to loss of opportunities
12. Addicts often indulge in causal sex and rape
13. It gives false confidence/hallucination
14. It may lead to impotency, miscarriage, birth of deformed babies, etc.
15. Loss of respect and dignity
16. It leads to strained relationship with others
17. Risk of arrest, persecution and imprisonment

b)

Ways of checking trade in drugs

1. Laws should be made against trading in drugs
2. Severe punishment should be meted out to offenders
3. The public should be educated about the hazards associated with the practice
4. People should volunteer information to the law enforcement agencies on drug dealers
5. Passage of freedom of information law
6. Peer led counselling/education programmes in schools
7. Campaign by Religious bodies
8. Parents should observe and advise children
9. The media should embark on campaigns/crusade against drug abuse
10. Implementation of government policies on drug abuse. i.e. the Ghana Police Service and the Narcotic Control Board should attack the sources of drug supply
11. Legislation on media against drug adverts
12. International co-operation on the trade and monitoring of drugs

a)

Recreation

1. It is a state of not working/spare time i.e. being free from normal activities/school work
2. It is the constructive use of time/making good use of time
3. It is a state of leisure when one does something for enjoyment, amusement or pleasure e.g. going on nature walks, swimming, reading, listening to music, watching films, excursions, playing games, etc.
4. Recreation or leisure time is usually planned and controlled/it is different from idleness

b)

Advantages of recreation

1. It enables one to rest as working all the time can lead to dangerous accidents
2. One gets time to attend to minor activities e.g. visit friends and relatives
3. It helps to restore one's lost energy and strength
4. Time for relaxation (doing away with stress) and refreshment of the body, mind and soul
5. Time for meditation and studying of religious materials
6. Helps in exercising the body
7. Visiting the library and reading helps to acquire information
8. Gaining additional experience/learning new skills - additional experience is gained when recreation is used profitably e.g. swimming, playing games, hunting, gardening, etc.
9. Reduces social vices e.g. robbery, violence, rape, etc.
10. Bring family unity

a)

Human rights

1. They are freedoms which are generally accepted that every living person should have or enjoy
2. They are things a person is entitled to have because the law of the land permits or allows them
3. They are claims of individuals supported by law. That is if someone infringes on someone's rights, he may sue him in court for redress, etc.
4. The purpose of the declaration is to promote and encourage respect for human rights and basic freedoms
5. The declaration sets out that people should have the right to life freedom, security, Nationality, property, etc.

b)

Human rights

1. Right to life: No person shall be denied of his/her life intentionally, except sanctioned by a competent court of jurisdiction
2. Right to education: Every person shall have the right to equal educational facilities and opportunities without discrimination
3. Right to freedom of speech and expression/opinion: Everyone has the right to express his/her opinion freely
4. Right to freedom of worship: Any individual person is entitled to join any religious group of his/her choice
5. Right to freedom of movement: Every person is entitled to move from one part of the country to another
6. Right to security/shelter: Every person has the right to protection by the family, community and the nation
7. Right to own a property: Every person has the right to own property either alone or in association with others
8. Right to nationality: Every person has right to citizenship of a country
9. Right to privacy: Every person shall be entitled to his/her personal liberty
10. Right to vote and to be voted for: A person is entitled to vote when he/she attains 18 years and to be voted for when he/she is due for it
11. Right to work: Every individual has the opportunity to work
12. Right to freedom of association
13. Right to take part in processions and demonstrations
14. Right to promotions: Every individual is entitled to promotions due him/her
15. Right to participation in a school activity e.g. sports and games, cultural/social ceremonies and other leisure activities
16. Right to be given fair hearing by a court
17. Right to sue and be sued
18. Right to equality before the law
19. Right to refuse betrothal and marriage
20. Right to protection from exploitative labour
21. Right to a name