KUULCHAT
SCIENCE MOCK

OBJECTIVE TEST

1.

Soil aeration could be improved through

A.

mulching

B.

irrigation

C.

soil drainage

D.

fertilizer application

Answer: A

2.

If a soil is smooth and sticky, it means that the soil has a large amount of

A.

Clay

B.

Loam

C.

Sand

D.

Silt

Answer: A

Clay soil is smooth when dry and sticky when wet

3.

A lunar eclipse may occur when the

A.

moon is between the earth and the sun.

B.

sun is between the earth and the moon.

C.

earth is between the sun and the moon.

D.

moon is positioned far away from the earth.

Answer: C

Eclipse

The earth, along with the other planets, revolves around the sun in its orbit. In turn, the moon revolves around the earth in the moon’s orbit. There comes a time when the three heavenly bodies get aligned in the same straight line. This is when an eclipse occurs. It is defined as an astronomical phenomenon that occurs when one spatial object comes within the shadow of another spatial object. This obstructs the observer from seeing one of them in space. On earth, we witness two types of eclipses: solar and lunar.

Solar Eclipse

Also known as the eclipse of the sun, it occurs when the moon comes in between the sun and the earth. As a result, the moon blocks the light of the sun from reaching the earth's surface and casts a shadow on it. This occurs in a new moon phase.

Lunar Eclipse

Also known as the eclipse of the moon, it occurs when the earth comes in between the sun and the moon. As a result, the earth blocks the light of the sun from reaching the moon’s surface and casts its shadow on the moon. It occurs on a full moon day.

4.

A mixture of sugar and water could be separated by

A.

decantation.

B.

evaporation.

C.

filtration.

D.

sublimation.

Answer: B

5.

Which of the following instruments is used in measuring current in an electric circuit?

A.

Voltmeter

B.

Ammeter

C.

Barometer

D.

Thermometer

E.
Anemometer

Answer: B

6.

Which of the following pairs of structures are parts of the respiratory system of humans?

A.

Fallopian tube and alveoli

B.

Pharynx and esophagus

C.

Trachea and alveoli

D.

Trachea and duodenum

Answer: C

7.

Which of the following practices encourages soil erosion?

A.

Planting trees on bare soil

B.

Clearing trees and slopes

C.

Planting grasses along slopes

D.

Ploughing across slopes

E.

Preventing bush fires

Answer: B

8.

Fertilisation in humans usually occurs in the

A.

ovary.

B.

uterus.

C.

vagina.

D.

fallopian tube.

Answer: D

9.

Digestion of fats and oils in humans starts in the

A.

colon.

B.

gullet.

C.

mouth.

D.

duodenum.

Answer: D

10.

The ovules in a flower develop to form the

A.

fruit.

B.

leaf.

C.

seed.

D.

stem.

Answer: C

11.

Disposal of urine and faeces into a river used for domestic purposes, may cause the outbreak of

A.

bilharzia.

B.

malaria.

C.

river blindness.

D.

tetanus.

E.

tuberculosis.

Answer: A

Schistosomiasis, also known as bilharzia, is an infection caused by a parasitic worm that lives in fresh water in subtropical and tropical regions.

12.

Which of the following substances is capable of neutralizing an acid?

A.

Vinegar

B.

Water

C.

Sodium chloride

D.

Sodium hydroxide

Answer: D

13.

The parts of a bony fish that are used to control the level at which the fish swims are known as

A.

dorsal and caudal fins.

B.

caudal and pectoral fins.

C.

pectoral and pelvic fins.

D.

dorsal and pectoral fins.

Answer: C

14.

Which of the following substances is an air pollutant?

A.

Water vapour

B.

Oxygen

C.

Nitrogen

D.

Hydrogen sulphide

Answer: D

15.

The angle between a ray of light and the surface it strikes is 30°. Calculate the angle of incidence.

A.

210°

B.

120°

C.

90°

D.

60°

E.
30°

Answer: D

16.

The majority charge carriers is a p-type semi-conductor are

A.

electrons.

B.

holes.

C.

neutrons.

D.

protons.

Answer: C

17.

Canned foods and drinks have expiry dates on them. The hazard involved in taking an expired drink is

A.

food poisoning.

B.

impaired hearing.

C.

poor circulation of blood.

D.

suffocation.

Answer: A

18.

What structure links the mouth with the stomach? The

A.

duodenum

B.

oesophagus

C.

Ileum

D.

trachea

E.
colon

Answer: B

19.

Gold is usually used to make jewellery because it is

A.

precious.

B.

expensive.

C.

less reactive with air.

D.

a good conductor of heat.

Answer: C

20.

Which of the following diseases may be associated with water?

A.

Chicken pox

B.

Cholera

C.

Small pox

D.

Tetanus

Answer: B

21.

Digested food substances are absorbed into the blood stream in the

A.

kidneys.

B.

liver.

C.

stomach.

D.

ileum.

Answer: D

22.

The practice of reducing the number of seedlings per stand for better growth is known as

A.

earthing up.

B.

filling in.

C.

pricking out.

D.

thinning out.

Answer: D

Thinning out: This is the removal of some plants from the area grown with seeds. This is done mainly to make room for the seeds to grow well.

Earthing up: is a farming technique that involves mounding soil around the base of a plant, usually a crop. This technique has been used for centuries in agriculture and has a variety of benefits for crops. One of the main reasons for earthing up is to protect the plant from extreme weather conditions.

23.

Artificial satellites can be used for
I. communication.
II. oil and gas exploration.
III. meteorological studies.

A.

I only

B.

II only

C.

I and II only

D.

I, II and III

Answer: D

24.

Which of the following does not play any part in digestion?

A.

Mouth

B.

duodenum

C.

rectum

D.

pancreas

E.
Stomach

Answer: C

25.

The law of conservation of energy states that energy can

A.

be created but not transformed

B.

be destroyed but not transformed

C.

neither be created nor transformed

D.

not be created but can be transformed

E.

neither be created nor destroyed, but only be transformed

Answer: E

26.

Which of the following substances reacts with ammonium chloride to produce ammonia gas?

A.

Calcium hydroxide

B.

Calcium chloride

C.

Calcium carbonate

D.

Calcium sulphate

E.

Calcium nitrate

Answer: A

27.

Use the information below to answer the question that follow.

 

A solid X reacted with a liquid Y to form a salt and water only. A portion of liquid Y turned blue litmus paper red. Solid X did not dissolve when a portion of it was placed in water and stirred.

 

Liquid Y is

A.

an acid.

B.

an alkali.

C.

a base.

D.

a metal.

Answer: A

28.

In human reproduction, the sperm fertilizes the female egg to form the

A.

zygote.

B.

follicle.

C.

ovary.

D.

ovum.

Answer: A

29.

Which of the following effects is not a result of illegal connection of electricity?

It can

A.

lead to fire outbreak

B.

lead to frequent power cut-off

C.

increase the flow of current in the supply chain

D.

cause damage to electrical appliance

Answer: C

30.

A body has a density of 30gcm-3 and a volume of 6cm3. Determine the mass of the body.

A.

180.0g

B.

24.0g

C.

5.0g

D.

0.2g

Answer: A

31.

The figure below shows a simple electric circuit.

Use it to answer the question below.

The purpose of the component labelled IV is to

A.

supply energy to the circuit.

B.

measure the voltage of the battery.

C.

prevent too much current from flowing.

D.

close the circuit.

Answer: C

32.

Which of the following statements best explains why gases are more compressible than solids?

A.

Particles in gases are smaller than in solids.

B.

Gases have fixed volume but solids do not.

C.

Particles in solids have definite shape but gases have no definite shape.

D.

Particles in gases have wider intermolecular spaces as compared to solids.

Answer: D

33.

Steam changes to liquid by a process called

A.

evaporation.

B.

condensation.

C.

melting.

D.

boiling.

Answer: B

34.

The amount of water vapour in the atmosphere is called

A.

fog.

B.

humidity.

C.

rain.

D.

temperature.

Answer: B

35.

The dry season in Ghana is mainly from

A.

January to March

B.

April to June

C.

July to September

D.

October to December

Answer: A

The dry season is the period where there is very little or no rainfall. In the southern part of Ghana, the dry season occurs between November to February. The period is much longer in the Northern part which occurs between November to June.

36.

Which of the following activities does not cause soil erosion?

A.

Clearing of vegetation

B.

Bush burning

C.

Heavy rainfall

D.

Over grazing

E.
Crop rotation

Answer: E

37.

Spitting in public is a bad social habit because it

A.

makes the environment humid

B.

reduces the amount of air in the body

C.

reduces the amount of water in the body

D.

releases disease-causing organisms into the environment

E.

reduces the amount of saliva in the mouth

Answer: D

38.

Which of the following substances is a mixture?

A.

Sodium chloride

B.

Sulphur dioxide

C.

Sugar solution

D.

Carbon dioxide

E.
Ammonium chloride

Answer: C

39.

Which of the following is an excretory organ?

A.

Anus

B.

Eye

C.

Heart

D.

Skin

E.
Pancreas

Answer: D

40.

The structure which helps a fish to breath under water is the

A.

gill.

B.

air sac.

C.

operculum.

D.

mouth.

Answer: A

THEORY QUESTIONS

1.

(a)

What is a living cell?

(b)

Give one function of each of the following components of a living cell:

(i)

cell membrane

(ii)

chloroplast

(iii)

nucleus

(c)

Make sketches to show the arrangement of the particles in each of the three states of matter.

(d)

What instrument would you use to measure each of the following quantities:

(i)

volume of a liquid

(ii)

mass of a stone

(iii)

time

(iv)

speed of the wind?

(a)

Living cell is the smallest basic unit of a plant or animal/living organism

(b)

(i)

Functions of the cell membrane

1. It protects a cell
2. It allows only selected substances to enter or leave the cell

(ii)

Function of the chloroplast

It contains chlorophyll (green pigment) which traps sunlight for photosynthesis

(iii)

Functions of the nucleus

1. Embodies the genetic information (genes) of the organism
2. Makes cell division or reproduction possible
3. Controls the activites of the cell

(c)

Arrangement of molecules in a solid

Arrangement of molecules in a liquid

Arrangement of molecules in a gas

(d)

Measuring instruments

# Qunatity Instrument(s)

i.

Volume of a liquid

1. Measuring cylinder
2. Burette
3. Volumetric flask

ii.

Mass of a stone

1. Beam balance
2. Chemical balance
3. Top pan balance
4. Electronic balance

iii.

Time

1. Watch/clock
2. Sundial
3. Hour glass

iv.

Speed of the wind

Anemometer

2.

a)

i)

What is a simple machine?

ii)

Give two examples of a simple machine?

b)

i)

What is rusting?

ii)

State two effects of rusting.

c)

i)

What are food nutrients?

ii)

Classify the following food items as carbohydrate, fats and oil or protein:

Beans, palm fruits, meat, margarine, bread and maize.

d)

i)

State two effects of malnutrition in farm animals.

ii)

Mention one disease of farm animals caused by virus.

a)

i)

Simple machine is a device that makes work easier/faster.

OR

Simple machine a device which enables a small force (effort) to overcome a large force (load).

ii)

Examples of a simple machine

1. Lever (Examples are a crowbar, claw hammer, a pair of pliers)
2. Wheel and axle (Examples are the steering wheel of a car, bicycle pedal)
3. Pulley (Examples are a pulley used in raising a load)
4. The inclined plane (Examples are ramps, staircases, hilly roads)
5. The wedge (Examples are knife, axe, plough)
6. Screw (Examples are A screw bolt)

b)

i)

Rusting is the reaction of iron or iron containing substances with water/moisture and air/oxygen to form an oxide of iron.

ii)

Effects of rusting

1. It causes iron to lose its strength/structure resulting in accident
2. It can cause collapse of building and bridges resulting in maintenance cost
3. It causes iron to lose its lustre

c)

i)

Food nutrients are substances which when taken in by living things help in performing of life activities

OR

Food nutrients are essential materials/substances present in food which when taken in by living things help in performing of life activities

ii)

Carbohydrate → Bread, maize
Fats and oil → Palm fruits, margarine
Protein → Beans, meat

d)

i)

Effects of malnutrition in farm animals

1. Loss of weight/stunted growth
2. General body weakness
3. Reduced activity
4. Dullness
5. Less resistant to diseases
6. Reduced reproduction
7. Poor formation of bones

ii)

Viral diseases of farm animals

1. Rinder-pest
2. Newcastle
3. Gumboro
4. Fowl pox
5. Cow pox
6. Marek's disease
7. Swine fever
8. Bird flu
9. Foot and mouth disease

3.

a)

The diagram below is an illustration of a cocoa pod infected by a disease.

Study the diagram carefully and answer the questions that follow.

i)

Name the disease illustrated on the pod.

ii)

Mention the causative organism of the disease.

iii)

Describe one symptom of the disease.

iv)

State one farm practice that promotes the spread of the disease.

v)

Give one practices farmers could adopt to control the disease.

b)

The diagram below is an illustration of a cuboid with faces A, B and C shown and sides a, b and c indicated.

Study the diagram carefully and answer the questions that follow.

i)

Measure and record the length of each of the sides labelled a, b and c in centimeters.

ii)

Determine the area of each of the faces A and B.

iii)

If the weight of the cuboid is 100N, determine the pressure exerted by the cuboid in N/cm2 when it lie on

α)

face A;

β)

face B.

iv)

From your results in (iii), explain how pressure exerted by a body changes with the area on which it lie.

c)

The diagram below is an illustration of three different types of teeth, labelled A, B and C in humans.

Study the diagrams carefully and answer the questions that follow.

i)

Name each type of teeth labelled A, B and C.

ii)

State one function of the type of teeth labelled A, B and C.

iii)

State two observable differences between the tooth labelled A and that labelled B.

iv)

Mention two ways of ensuring proper dental care.

d)

The diagram below is an illustration of an experimental set-up used to separate water and salt from salt solution.

Study the diagram carefully and answer the questions that follow.

i)

Name each of the parts labelled I, II, III and IV.

ii)

Name the method of separation used.

iii)

State one function of each of the parts labelled II and III.

iv)

Name three physical processes that are involved in the separation of the mixture.

a)

i)

Black pod

ii)

Fungus/Phytophthora

iii)

Systems of disease

1. Beads/pod becomes black
2. Brown spores/spots/patches
3. Powdery spores
4. Black patches/spots

iv)

Farm practices that promote disease

1. Leaving farm weedy/bushy
2. Excessive shading of plants
3. Planting infected seedlings/seeds
4. Poor field sanitation/hygiene
5. Use of infected tools/equipment on farm
6. Overcrowding of plants

v)

Practices to control disease

1. Remove/burn infected/infested pods
2. Weed regularly
3. Spray pods with recommended fungicide/recommended chemical
4. Remove excess shade
5. Prune (diseased) branches/Pruning

b)

i)

a = 2.0 cm
b = 4.0 cm
c = 5.0 cm

ii)

Area = Length x Breadth

Area for face A

Area = a x b
Area = 2 cm x 4 cm = 8.0 cm2

Area for face B

Area = b x c
Area = 4 cm x 5 cm = 20.0 cm2

iii)

Pressure = Force Area

Force = 100N

α)

Area = 8.0 cm2

Pressure = 100 8 = 12.5 N/cm2

β)

Area = 20.0 cm2

Pressure = 100 20 = 5.0 N/cm2

iv)

When area is small, pressure is high/when area is large, pressure is small

OR

Pressure and area are inversely proportional.

c)

i)

A → Molar/premolar
B → Canine
C → Incisor

ii)

Functions of A (Molar/Premolar)

1. For grinding
2. For crushing
3. For chewing

Functions of B (Canine)

1. For stabbing
2. For tearing
3. For piercing

Functions of C (Incisor)

1. For cutting
2. For biting

iii)

Differences between A (Molar/premolar) and B(Canine)

A (Molar/premolar) B(Canine)
1. Large size Small in size
2. Has three roots Has a single root
3. Cusped surface/multiple projections (Bluntly) pointed surface/projection/conical

iv)

Ways of ensuring proper dental care

1. Regular visit to the dentist
2. Regular brushing of teeth
3. Avoiding excessive intake of sugary food
4. Eating food rich in vegetables
5. Eating a lot of fruits
6. Eating food rich in calcium
7. Using the teeth for the right purpose
8. Avoid eating too hot/too cold foods

d)

i)

I → Retort/clamp stand
II → Thermometer
III → Condenser
IV → Water/distilled water

ii)

(Simple) distillation

iii)

Functions of II (Thermometer)

Measures the temperature at which the mixture (sea water) boils/measures the temperature of water vapour above the mixture/measures the temperature within the flask.

Functions of III (Condenser)

Used to cool the vapour/condense the vapour/changes the vapour to water.

iv)

Physical processes involved in the method of separation

1. Boiling/heating
2. Vapourization/vaporization/evaporation
3. Condensation

4.

(a)

Explain why a tomato plant is likely to wilt if too much fertilizer is applied to it.

(b)

(i)

Give two differences between electrical insulators and electrical conductors.

(ii)

State two effects of illegal electrical connections in the home.

(c)

Explain each of the following terms as used to describe change of state of matter:

(i)

condensation;

(ii)

freezing.

(d)

(i)

State two diseases of the circulatory system in humans.

(ii)

Mention two ways in which each of the diseases you have stated in (d)(i) can be prevented.

(a)

Why a tomato plant is likely to wilt if too much fertilizer is applied to it

Once two solutions of different concentrations come into contact, water molecules will flow from low to higher concentrated solution. Hence application of fertilizer makes the soil solution of higher concentration so water flow out of the plant by osmosis. The tomato plant plasmolyses/loses water and wilt.

Note

Plasmolysis describes a process involving a plant cell losing water content and therefore contracting and shrinking its cytoplasm and plasma membrane away from the inside of its cell wall. This occurs if the solution surrounding a plant cell is hypertonic or has a high concentration of solutes like salt.

(b)

(i)

Differences between electrical insulators and electrical conductors

Electrical insulators Electrical conductors
Does not conduct electricity Conducts electricity
Has narrow conduction energy band Has wide conduction energy band
There exists a wide forbidden energy gap between valence and conduction band Has no forbidden energy gap
Electrons firmly bound to nucleus Electrons loosely bound to nucleus
There are no free electrons Has more free electrons

(ii)

Effects of illegal electrical connections in the home

1. Overload of power supply
2. Drop in voltage of electricity
3. Leads to frequent power cuts
4. Leads to electrocution/electric shock
5. May cause fire outbreak
6. May damage electrical appliances
7. Leads to loss of revenue to government

(c)

(i)

Condensation is the change from the gas state to the liquid state.

(ii)

Freezing is the change from the liquid state to the solid state.

(d)

Disease of the circulatory system Prevention
High blood pressure (Hypertension)

1. Regular exercise
2. Low intake of salt
3. Reduce intake of fatty food
4. Avoid smoking
5. Control physical/emotional stress
6. Reduce intake of alcoholic drinks
7. Eat fruits/vegetables
8. Take in more water
9. Avoid overeating/obesity/reduce weight

Low blood pressure (Hypotension)

1. Regular exercise
2. Eating a balanced diet
3. Drinking a lot of water
4. Adopting a healthy lifestyle
5. Eat fruits/vegetables
6. Take coffee/caffeine

Piles/Haemorrhoids

1. Eat a lot of fruits/vegetables
2. Drink plenty water after meal
3. Use hygienic/soft toilet paper
4. Avoid retaining stool for long periods

Leukaemia/Blood cancer

1. Avoid smoking
2. Avoid exposure to intense ultraviolet radiation and certain chemicals like benzene

Varicose vein

1. Regular exercise
2. Avoid crossing legs when sitting
3. Avoid raising legs when sitting
4. Avoid eating too much salt
5. Avoid wearing tight clothing
6. Eat food rich in vegetables/fruits

Arteriosclerosis

1. Regular physical exercise
2. Reduce intake of animal fat
3. Avoid cigarette smoking
4. Eat more fruits/vegetables

5.

a)

The diagram below is an illustration of a longitudinal section of a canine tooth in humans.

Study the diagram carefully and answer the questions that follow.

i)

Name each of the parts labelled I, II, III and IV.

ii)

What is the function of each of the parts labelled I and III?

iii)

Which of the labelled parts could be affected by tooth decay?

iv)

State three ways by which tooth decay may be prevented.

b)

The diagram below is an illustration of a scientific phenomenom which occurs in nature.

Study the diagram carefully and answer the questions that follow.

i)

What phenomenom does the diagram illustrate?

ii)

Identify each of the parts labelled I, II, III, IV and V.

iii)

Explain why an object at the bottom of a pond appears closer to the surface than it actually is.

c)

The diagram below is an illustration of an experiment performed to separate the components of muddy water.

Study the diagram carefully and answer the questions that follow.

i)

Name each of the parts labelled I, II and III.

ii)

State the function of the part labelled II.

iii)

Name the substance obtained as the filtrate.

iv)

State three physical properties of the filtrate.

v)

Name two other materials that could be used in place of the part labelled II.

d)

The diagram below is an illustrates a farmland on a sloppy area.

Study the diagram carefully and answer the questions that follow.

i)

What process is likely to occur on the farmland when it rains heavily?

ii)

State two farming practices that can also lead to the process mentioned in (i).

iii)

List four farming practices that could be used to control the process mentioned in (i).

iv)

Mention three soil resources that would be depleted from the farmland when it rains heavily.

a)

i)

I → Crown or Enamel
II → Dentine
III → Cement or Periodontal membrane
IV → Jaw bone or Root
V → Pulp Cavity

ii)

Functions of I (Crown or Enamel)

1. Protect teeth from harmful bacteria
2. Enables teeth withstand pressure of chewing
3. Cutting/chewing/protect dentine/protect pulp cavity

Functions of III (Cement or Periodontal membrane)

Holds tooth firmly in socket or jaw bone or supports the tooth

iii)

The part affected by tooth decay is V (Pulp Cavity)

iv)

Prevention of Tooth decay

1. Avoid using sharp-pointed objects
2. Avoid having dry mouth
3. Use water containing flourides to wash teeth/mouth
4. Avoid smoking
5. The teeth should be cleaned regularly after each meal/remove food particles from the teeth/flossing
6. Wash the mouth vigorously after each meal
7. Regular visit the dentist
8. Avoid eating too hot food
9. Avoid eating too much sugary food
10. Avoid eating too cold food

b)

i)

The phenomenon illustrated is refraction of light

ii)

I → Normal
II → Incident ray
III → Angle of incidence
IV → Angle of refraction
V → Refracted ray

iii)

Why object appears closer to surface

Rays from the object at the bottom are bent away from the normal as they come out of the water. In a straight line, these rays appear to come from a point above the bottom

c)

i)

I → Retort/clamp stand
II → filter paper
III → funnel

ii)

Function of II (Filter paper)

1. To filter solid or insoluble particles or residue
2. To separate the mud,solid or insoluble particles from the water
3. To prevent residue/solid/insoluble particles/mud from entering the filtrate

iii)

Name of filtrate is water

iv)

Physical properties of filtrate (Water)

1. It has a density of 1 gcm-3 or 1000 kg m-3
2. It boils at 100 oC
3. It freezes at 0 oC (at 1 atm)
4. It is colourless
5. It is tasteless or insipid
6. It is odourless
7. It has a high surface tension
8. It is a universal solvent
9. It is transparent
10. It has a neutral pH or pH of 7
11. It exists in three states (solid, liquid and gas)

v)

Other materials that could be used instead of filter paper

1. Cotton wool
2. Foam
3. Glass wool
4. Clean/white cloth

d)

i)

Process likely to occur is erosion

ii)

Farming practices that could lead to the process occuring (erosion)

1. Bush burning
2. Deforestation
3. Continuous cropping
4. Crop removal
5. Excessive use of chemicals or inorganic fertilizers
6. Overgrazing
7. Cultivating or ploughing along slope

iii)

Farm practices that could control the process (erosion)

1. Planting cover crops
2. Terracing
3. Cultivating or ploughing slope or contour
4. Heavy mulching
5. Construction of drainage channels
6. Planting trees beside farm
7. Strip cropping
8. Contour bunding

iv)

Soil resources depleted

1. Soil organisms
2. Nutrients
3. Mineral matter
4. Soil particles or mineral matter
5. Growing crops
6. Air
7. Organic matter or humus

6.

(a)

Distinguish between the following terms:

(i)

Physical change and chemical change

(ii)

Solution and suspension

(b)

Classify the following as either a physical or chemical change

(i)

Common salt in water

(ii)

Burning of charcoal

(iii)

Melting of ice

(iv)

Hydrochloric acid in sodium hydroxide solution

(c)

(i)

What is a parasite?

(ii)

Give two examples of parasites and their hosts.

(d)

Give the chemical symbols of the following elements

(i)

Oxygen

(ii)

Chlorine

(iii)

Aluminium

(iv)

Calcium

(e)

(i)

Explain the term self-pollination

(ii)

Name four agents of pollination

(iii)

State the function of the brightly coloured petals in insect pollination

(a)

(i)

Differences between a physical change and a chemical change

Physical Change Chemical Change
No new substance is formed New substance is formed
It is easily reversible It is irreversible
It is not accompanied by great heat change It is accompanied by great heat change
There is no change in mass There is change in mass
Individual components retain their properties Individual components lose their properties

(ii)

Difference between solution and suspension

A solution is a uniform/homogeneous mixture of a solute and a solvent where the solute completely disappear from sight in the solvent (liquid) whiles a suspension is a mixture of particles of an insoluble substance and a liquid whereby the particles of the substance float in the liquid. The small particles settle at the bottom of the container when it is left undisturbed.

(b)

(i)

Common salt in water → physical change

(ii)

Burning of charcoal → chemical change

(iii)

Melting of ice → physical change

(iv)

Hydrochloric acid in sodium hydroxide solution → chemical change

(c)

(i)

Parasite is any organism/living thing that lives in or on another organism/living thing called the host for its food and by so doing causes harm to the host.

(ii)

Examples of parasites and their hosts

Parasite Host
Lice Man
Tick Dog
Plasmodium Man
Mistletoe Cocoa/cola
Dodder Milk bush/cashew plant
Capsids Cocoa plant
Tapeworm Cow/pig/man

(d)

Chemical symbols

(i)

Oxygen → O

(ii)

Chlorine → Cl

(iii)

Aluminium → Al

(iv)

Calcium → Ca

(e)

(i)

Self-pollination is the transfer of pollen grains from the anther of a flower to the stigma of the same flower or to the stigma of another flower of the same plant.

(ii)

Agents of pollination

1. Insects
2. Water/Rain
3. Animal/Man/Birds/Bats
4. Wind

(iii)

Function of the brightly coloured petals in insect pollination

They produce nectar which attracts insects to the plant.