(i)

List of planets of the solar system in the order they occur starting with the planet nearest the sun

1. Mercury
2. Venus
3. Earth
4. Mars
5. Jupiter
6. Saturn
7. Uranus
8. Neptune
9. Pluto

Note: you can use the below mnemonics to remember the nine planets.

My (Mercury) Very (Venus) Eyes (Earth) May (Mars) Just (Jupiter) See (Saturn) Under (Uranus) Nine (Neptune) Planets (Pluto)

(ii)

Difference between the eclipse of the sun and the eclipse of the moon

Eclipse of the sun occurs when the moon in its orbit comes between the sun and the earth such that all three are in a straight line while during the eclipse of the moon, the earth is between the sun and the moon such that all three are in a straight line.

(i)

A force is that which changes a body's state of rest or uniform motion in a straight line

OR

A force is a pull or a push on an object.

(ii)

Types of force

1. Gravitational force/Force of gravity
2. Magnetic force
3. Electrostatic force
4. Centripetal force
5. Centrifugal force
6. Tension
7. Thrust
8. Weight
9. Cohesive force
10. Adhesive force
11. Surface Tension
12. Frictional force

(iii)

Work done = Force x Distance

Force = 20 N
Distance = 8 m

Work done = 20 N x 8 m
Work done = 160 J

(i)

(ii)

iv)

Reasons

1. Presence of large/ single vacuole (IX)
2. Presence of cell wall (V)
3. Rectangular shape
4. Nucleus pushed to the side/periphery
5. Cytoplasm pushed to the side

v)

Differences between parts labelled I (Cell Membrane) and V (Cell Wall)

i)

(α) mass of irregular object (M) in I = 40 g
(β) Volume of water (V₁) in II = 40 cm³
(γ) Volume of water (V₂) in III = 60 cm³

ii)

Volume of the irregular object = 60 cm³ - 40 cm³ = 20 cm³

iii)

Density = $\frac{\mathrm{40\; g}}{\mathrm{20 }{\mathrm{cm}}^3}$ = 2 g/cm³ or 2 gcm^-3

iv)

Instruments for measuring mass of an irregular object

1. Beam balance
2. Top pan balance
3. Electronic balance

iv)

Precautions to be taken in performing the experiment

1. The object should be lowered gently into the water in the cylinder
2. Volume of the liquid should be read from the base of the meniscus or at the eye level
3. The measuring cylinder should be placed on a flat surface

i)

(α) chemical processes

II and III

(β) physical processes

I and IV

ii)

(α) Why chemical processes

1. The initial/original substance cannot be gotten back easily/irreversible
2. New substance formed
3. Change in mass
4. Accompanied by appreciable heat change

(β) Why physical processes

1. The initial/original substance can be gotten back easily/reversible
2. No new substance formed
3. No change in mass
4. Not accompanied by appreciable heat change

iii)

Examples of physical change

1. Expansion of metal on heating
2. dissolving sugar or salt in Water
3. Boiling of water
4. Melting of ice
5. Breaking/crushing of any Object

i)

ii)

Principles to consider when planning for rotational programme

1. Deep rooted crops should be followed by shallow rooted crops
2. Crops of the same family/class should not follow each other
3. Crops that use the same soil nutrients should not follow each other
4. Leguminous crops should be included in the cycle
5. A fallow period may be included in the crop rotation programme
6. Crops which attract the same diseases and pests should not follow each other

iii)

Reasons for selecting the crop named V (Soyabean)

1. Soyabean is a legume and therefore builds up soil fertility
2. Yam is a deep rooted crop and should be followed by soyabean which is a shallow rooted crop
3. Yam is a heavy feeder and must have taken good part of the nutrients
4. Yam and soyabean belong different classes of crops and therefore not likely to attract the same pests and diseases
5. Improves soil structure

iv)

Advantages of crop rotation

1. Increases soil fertility
2. Enhances soil structure
3. Prevents soil erosion
4. Improves soil nutrients and nutrient uptake regulation
5. Controls the spread of pests and diseases
6. Controls weed easily
7. There is effective use of the land
8. Harvest of different types of crops on the same piece of land

i)

Technology is the use of the environment to improve lives to meet the needs of society.

OR

Technology is the systematic application of scientific ideas/knowledge/discovery to improve lives to meet the needs of society.

OR

Technology is the application of scientific ideas/knowledge/discovery to produce goods and services.

ii)

Uses of technology in communication

1. Computers
2. Internet
3. Mobile phones/Telephones
4. Fax machine
5. Radio
6. Satellite
7. Television

i)

4Fe + 3O₂ → 2Fe₂O₃

ii)

2Na + Cl₂ → 2NaCl

iii)

2H₂ + O₂ → 2H₂O

i)

Functions of nucleus

1. Controls life activities of cells
2. Controls cell reproduction/division
3. Contains heredity units (called genes)

ii)

Functions of chloroplast

1. Contains chlorophyll
2. Absorbs light energy
3. For photosynthesis

iii)

Functions of mitochondrion

For the production of energy/serves as site for respiration

(i)

I → (Raft of) eggs
II → Larva
III → Pupa
IV → (Adult) mosquito

(ii)

How the larva obtains oxygen

It takes oxygen from the atmosphere/surface of water through its breathing tubes.

(iii)

Methods of controlling pupa

1. Introducing predators such as fishes into stagnant water or pond water/use of biological methods of control
2. Pouring of oil/kerosene on surface of the water
3. Draining of stagnant water

Methods of controlling adult mosquito

1. Spray with/Use of insecticides to kill adult mosquito
2. Use of mosquito coil
3. Clearing of weeds/bushes around houses
4. Use of special electric bulbs
5. Use f special paints such as Inesfly
6. Use of treated mosquito net

(i)

I → Beaker
II → Evaporating dish
III → Bunsen burner
IV → Funnel
VI → Tripod stand

(ii)

Methods of separation of mixtures

A → Filtration
B → Evaporation
C → Sublimation

(iii)

Set-up A / Filtration

(iv)

Set-up B / Evaporation

(i)

I → Tape measure/Surveyor's tape/Measuring tape/Tape
II → Stop clock/Stop watch
III → Thermometer
IV → Weighing scale / Balance/ Top pan balance
V → Measuring cylinder

(ii)

Use of instruments labelled

I → For measuring lengths/distance
II → For measuring time
III → For measuring temperature
IV → For measuring weight or mass of objects

(iii)

The volume of the liquid in the measuring cylinder is 160 cm³

(i)

I → Oesophagus
II → Gizzard
III → Liver
IV → Crop

(ii)

Function of II (Gizzard)

It is for grinding food.

Function of IV (Crop)

It is used to temporarily store food.

(iii)

Farm animals that possess this type of digestive system

1. Fowl/chicken
2. Cattle/cow
3. Turkey
4. Goat
5. Ducks
6. Sheep
7. Guinea fowl
8. Horse

(iv)

Diseases which affect this class of farm animals

Monogastrics

1. Coccidiosis
2. Pullorum
3. Newcastle
4. Fowl pox
5. Gumboro
6. Bacillary diarrhea
7. Fowl cholera
8. Chronic respiratory disease
9. Bird/Avian flu

Ruminants

1. Foot and mouth disease
2. Anthrax
3. Cow pox/Vaccinna
4. Rinderpest
5. Goat pox
6. Pneumonia
7. Tryponosomiasis/Nagana
8. Tuberculosis

(i)

What happens when photosynthesis occurs in a leaf

Plants take in carbon dioxide (CO_{2) and water (H2O) from the air and soil. Within the plant cell, the water is oxidized, meaning it loses electrons, while the carbon dioxide is reduced, meaning it gains electrons. This transforms the water into oxygen and the carbon dioxide into glucose. Light is also absorbed by chlorophyll}

(ii)

pollination is the transfer of pollen from the anther of a flower to the stigma of the same flower or another flower of the same type

(i)

A physical quantity is any physical property of a material or substance that can be quantified, that is, can be measured using numbers

(ii)

1. Mass
2. Force
3. Density
4. Length
5. Temperature
6. Volume
7. Electric current
8. Velocity
9. Time

(i)

Importance of light in crop production

1. Needed for photosynthesis
2. Affects developments of fruits/growth of vegetative parts of crops
3. Absence of light results in weak stem

(ii)

Importance of temperature in crop production

1. Required for germination
2. Delays ripening of fruits when temperature is low
3. High temperature can cause evaporation from the soil causing water deficit for crops
4. High temperature can scorch the leaves of crops
5. Needed for photosynthesis/growth and development of plants

i)

Components of blood

1. Red blood cells/haemoglobin
2. White blood cells/phagocytes/lymphocytes
3. Hormones
4. Water
5. Oxygen
6. Carbon dioxide
7. Salts
8. Glucose
9. Amino acids/proteins
10. Urea
11. Vitamins
12. Plasma

ii)

Functions of blood

1. It carries hormones
2. It carries oxygen
3. It carries food to all parts of the body
4. It removes waste products of cell activities (metabolism)
5. It fights against disease causing organisms
6. It prevents entry of germs into the body through a wound
7. It forms clots which prevents excessive bleeding
8. It regulates body temperature

i)

Electrical insulator is a material that does not allow electricity to flow through it easily.

ii)

Examples of insulators

1. Wood
2. Plastic materials
3. Rubber
4. Paper
5. Glass
6. Nylon
7. Mica
8. Porcelain
9. Amber
10. Wax
11. Ceramic materials
12. Air

iii)

Characteristics of an insulator

1. There are no free electrons
2. Electrons are tightly bound to the nuclei
3. It has low charge density
4. It has low electrical conductivity