i)

Solution is a uniform/homogenous mixture of two or more substances.

ii)

Differences between solutions and mixtures in terms of particle sizes

i)

water → Hydrogen and Oxygen

Note: Water is H₂O

ii)

common salt → Sodium and Chlorine

Note: common salt is sodium chloride (NaCl)

iii)

ammonia → Hydrogen and Nitrogen

Note: ammonia is NH₃

i)

Man-made satellite or Artificial satellite is a small object put/launched into space by man to orbit (move around) a planet.

ii)

Examples of natural satellites

1. Moon around the earth
2. Earth around the sun
3. Moon around Mars

iii)

Applications/Uses of man-made/Artificial satellites

1. For exploring the planets/moons
2. For scientific research/experimental research/internet
3. To study the universe
4. For communications/broadcasting/telephone call
5. For weather forecast/collecting information on the weather
6. Map making
7. Spying
8. For navigation/satellite for navigation
9. Military purposes

i)

Female sexual characteristics of a human being

1. Vagina
2. Ovaries
3. Womb/uterus
4. Fallopian tubes
5. Cervix
6. Vulva
7. Breast

ii)

Sense organs in mammals

1. Eyes
2. Ears
3. Nose
4. Tongue
5. Skin

iii)

Function of the sense organs

1. Eyes → for sight
2. Ears → for hearing
3. Nose → for smelling
4. Tongue → for tasting
5. Skin → for feeling and excreting sweat

i)

A compound is the substance formed as a result of the chemical combination of two or more elements.

OR

A compound is a substance which is made up of two or more elements chemically combined.

ii)

A mixture is what is formed when two or more substances are combined physically

OR

A mixture is the substance formed as a result of the physical combination of two or more substances which can be separated by physical means.

i)

An orange falls from a tree to the ground

Potential energy → Kinetic energy → Sound energy + Heat energy

ii)

A carpenter hits a nail with a raised hammer

Potential energy → Kinetic energy → Sound energy + Heat energy

(i)

Functions of the skin

1. It excretes waste substances/urea/water/salts/sweat
2. It protects the body from injury
3. It regulates body temperature
4. It gives sense of touch

(ii)

Functions of the lung

1. Gaseous exchange occurs in the lungs/there is intake of oxygen and output of carbon dioxide and water vapour in the lungs
2. Excretion of carbon dioxide and water vapour takes place in the lungs

(iii)

Functions of the kidney

1. It excretes urea/water and salt
2. Urine formation

(iv)

Function of the testis

Sperm production

(i)

Vegetative reproduction is a form of reproduction whereby plants produce young ones from growing parts/buds of the parent plant.

(ii)

Plants which reproduce vegetatively

1. Potato
2. Yam
3. Cocoyam
4. Canna lily
5. Onion
6. Plantain
7. Banana
8. Ginger
9. Pineapple
10. Bryophyllum
11. Sugar cane
12. Cassava
13. Fern
14. Elephant grass
15. Tiger nuts
16. Garlic

(i)

Work is said to be done when the point of application of a force moves an object through a distance in the direction of the force.

OR

Work is said to be done when a force moves a body through a distance in the direction of the force.

OR

Work is the product of force and the distance moved in the direction of the force.

OR

Work = Force x distance moved in the direction of the force

(ii)

Power is the rate of doing work.

OR

Power is the rate at which energy is dissipated

OR

Power = $\frac{\mathrm{Work\; done}}{\mathrm{Time\; taken}}$

(i)

akpeteshie (alcohol) → Distillation

(ii)

common salt → Evaporation/crystallisation

(iii)

tap water → Filtration/sedimentation/coagulation

(i)

I → (Raft of) eggs
II → Larva
III → Pupa
IV → (Adult) mosquito

(ii)

How the larva obtains oxygen

It takes oxygen from the atmosphere/surface of water through its breathing tubes.

(iii)

Methods of controlling pupa

1. Introducing predators such as fishes into stagnant water or pond water/use of biological methods of control
2. Pouring of oil/kerosene on surface of the water
3. Draining of stagnant water

Methods of controlling adult mosquito

1. Spray with/Use of insecticides to kill adult mosquito
2. Use of mosquito coil
3. Clearing of weeds/bushes around houses
4. Use of special electric bulbs
5. Use f special paints such as Inesfly
6. Use of treated mosquito net

(i)

I → Beaker
II → Evaporating dish
III → Bunsen burner
IV → Funnel
VI → Tripod stand

(ii)

Methods of separation of mixtures

A → Filtration
B → Evaporation
C → Sublimation

(iii)

Set-up A / Filtration

(iv)

Set-up B / Evaporation

(i)

I → Tape measure/Surveyor's tape/Measuring tape/Tape
II → Stop clock/Stop watch
III → Thermometer
IV → Weighing scale / Balance/ Top pan balance
V → Measuring cylinder

(ii)

Use of instruments labelled

I → For measuring lengths/distance
II → For measuring time
III → For measuring temperature
IV → For measuring weight or mass of objects

(iii)

The volume of the liquid in the measuring cylinder is 160 cm³

(i)

I → Oesophagus
II → Gizzard
III → Liver
IV → Crop

(ii)

Function of II (Gizzard)

It is for grinding food.

Function of IV (Crop)

It is used to temporarily store food.

(iii)

Farm animals that possess this type of digestive system

1. Fowl/chicken
2. Cattle/cow
3. Turkey
4. Goat
5. Ducks
6. Sheep
7. Guinea fowl
8. Horse

(iv)

Diseases which affect this class of farm animals

Monogastrics

1. Coccidiosis
2. Pullorum
3. Newcastle
4. Fowl pox
5. Gumboro
6. Bacillary diarrhea
7. Fowl cholera
8. Chronic respiratory disease
9. Bird/Avian flu

Ruminants

1. Foot and mouth disease
2. Anthrax
3. Cow pox/Vaccinna
4. Rinderpest
5. Goat pox
6. Pneumonia
7. Tryponosomiasis/Nagana
8. Tuberculosis

(i)

Germination of seed is the sprouting/growth/development of the embryo/seed to produce a new plant/seedling.

(ii)

Conditions necessary for the germination of seed

1. Nature of seed coat
2. Water/moisture
3. Air/Oxygen
4. Suitable/optimum temperature/warmth
5. Viability of the seed
6. Enzymes
7. Sunlight/light
8. Dormancy period

i)

Effects of soil erosion on the growth of crop plants

1. Loss of soil nutrients or nutrient imbalance or poor crop growth or yield
2. Destruction/death of crops
3. Increased cost of production or high doses of fertilizer needed to replenish soil
4. It is difficult to move farm machinery due to gullies
5. It causes siltation of dams or irrigation channels
6. Degradation of soil structure
7. Loss of rooting depth
8. Poor/stunted growth
9. Shows deficiency disease
10. Lodging of crop plants

ii)

Method of controlling soil erosion

1. Terracing
2. Strip cropping
3. Contour ploughing
4. Wind breaks/afforestation/planting
5. Mulching
6. Cover cropping
7. Crop rotation
8. Application of ogranic manure
9. Minimum/zero tillage
10. Afforestation

i)

Science related businesses

1. Blacksmithing
2. Gari processing
3. Soap making
4. Salt production
5. Kenkety production
6. Biogas production
7. Fish smoking

ii)

State the principles underlying the operation of each of the businesses named

1. Blacksmithing → forging/shrinking/bonding/malleability
2. Gari processing → fermentation
3. Soap making → saponification
4. Salt production → evaporation
5. Kenkety production → fermentation
6. Biogas production → decomposition
7. Fish smoking → dehydration/drying

i)

How the female Anopheles mosquito transmits malaria to humans

1. It bites an infected person, takes in blood infected with the malaria parasite
2. The parasite grows and matures in the mosquito's gut, then travels to the salivary glands
3. When the mosquito bites another person, it releases the parasites into the victim's body

ii)

Chemical method of controlling mosquitoes

1. Adding oil/kerosene on surface of stagnant water
2. Spraying with insecticide
3. Using treated mosquito nets
4. Use of mosquito coil

i)

Fundamental units of measurement

1. Metre
2. Second
3. Kilogram
4. Degree celcius/kelvin

ii)

Physical quantity that the units named in (i) measures

1. Metre → length
2. Second → time
3. Kilogram → mass
4. Degree celcius/kelvin → temperature