OBJECTIVE TEST

The air pressure at great heights can be measured with

A thermometer

An anemometer

A barometer

A hydrometer

A hygrometer

Answer: C

When an object moves from rough surface onto a smooth one with the same energy, its speed

increases

decreases

remains the same

becomes zero

cannot be determined

Answer: A

Which of the following life activities are common to both plants and animals?

I. Feeding
II. Locomotion
III. Respiration

I and II only

I and III only

II and III only

I, II and III

Answer: B

It is not advisable to sleep in a closed dark room with green plants because the plants

produce heat.

compete with human beings for oxygen.

absorb water vapour.

produce carbon dioxide.

Answer: D

The process of fusion of sperm and ovum is known as

fertilization

menstruation

pollination

reproduction

lactation

Answer: A

Which of the following liquids would turn blue litmus paper red?

Vinegar

Water

Ammonia solution

Bicarbonate solution

Answer: A

Which of the following causes ringworm?

Bacteria

Fungi

Protozoa

Ticks

Viruses

Answer: B

Which of the following activities is a reflex action?

Eating

Fighting

Learning

Sneezing

Writing

Answer: D

Reflex action is a sudden and involuntary response to stimuli. It helps organisms to quickly adapt to an adverse circumstance that could have the potential to cause bodily harm or even death. Pulling our hands away immediately after touching a hot or cold object is a classic example of a reflex action.

Which of the following farming systems is most effective in maintaining soil fertility?

Crop rotation

Land rotation

Mixed cropping

Monoculture

Answer: A

10.

Which of the following part of a flower grows into the seed?

Stamen

Ovule

Ovary

Stigma

Sepal

Answer: B

11.

The force which tends to pull an object in a circular motion towards the centre of the circle is called

centripetal force.

electrostatic force.

gravitational force.

magnetic force.

Answer: A

12.

Chlorophyll helps plants absorb energy from the sun as they undergo the process of photosynthesis. It is located in a structure called

chloroplast.

mitochondrion.

vacuole.

nucleus.

Answer: A

13.

Which of the following processes about all living things is/are true?

I. Reproduction
II. Respiration
III. Locomotion
IV. Excretion

I only

I and II only

III and IV only

I, II and III only

I, II and IV only

Answer: E

14.

The consequences of the greenhouse effect on humans include

I. flooding of coastal cities
II. desertification of fertile areas
III. increased number of storms
IV. increased use of fossil fuels

I, II, III and IV

II and III only

I, II and III only

I and II only

Answer: D

15.

The gas produced when glucose is oxidized during aerobic respiration is

Hydrogen

Nitrogen

Oxygen

Carbon dioxide

Answer: D

16.

Which of the following activities are cultural practices in the cultivation of cabbage?

I. Prunning

II. Weeding

III. Watering

I and II only

I and III only

II and III only

I, II and III only

Answer: D

17.

The stretched arm of a JSS student holding a stone in the palm is an example of a

First class lever

Second class lever

Third class lever

Fourth class lever

Fifth class lever

Answer: C

18.

Mineral salts in dead organisms are released into the soil by a process called

decomposition.

diffusion.

leaching.

osmosis.

Answer: A

19.

A uniform mixture of two or more metals is called

an alloy.

a compound.

a solvent.

a suspension.

Answer: A

20.

Brine is a saturated solution of

sodium chloride and carbon dioxide

calcium carbonate and water

sodium chloride and water

calcium carbonate and kerosene

magnesium and water

Answer: C

21.

Which of the following planets is nearest to the earth?

Jupiter

Mercury

Pluto

Saturn

Venus

Answer: E

22.

The part of the plant which is found in the soil is the

flower

stem

leaf

root

fruit

Answer: D

23.

Which of the following substances is added to the soil to reduce its acidity?

Charcoal

Humus

Lime

Manure

Answer: C

Lime is a base, hence neutralizes the acid in the soil.

24.

The hereditary material that is passed on from parents to offspring is known as

gene.

sperm.

red blood cell.

white blood cell.

Answer: A

25.

The food substance found in yam is

carbohydrate.

oil.

protein.

vitamin.

Answer: A

26.

Which of the following arrangements show the correct order of increasing complexity of structures in living organisms.

cells → organs → tissues → systems

cells → tissues → organs → systems

cells → systems → tissues → organs

cells → tissues → systems → organs

Answer: B

27.

The smallest planet known in the solar system is

Earth

Jupiter

Mars

Mercury

Venus

Answer: D

28.

Brass is an alloy of

iron and carbon

zinc and copper

iron and copper

copper and tin

Answer: B

29.

The best way to prevent guinea worm disease is by

boiling drinking water.

putting camphor in drinking water.

putting drinking water in a refrigerator.

sieving drinking water.

Answer: A

Dracunculiasis is an infection caused by a parasite called the Guinea worm. A person becomes infected when they drink contaminated water.

Usually the disease has no initial symptoms. About one year later, there is a painful burning feeling as a blister forms, usually on the legs. The blister bursts as the worm then comes out of the skin over a few weeks.

The worm can be pulled out a few centimetres each day. The process usually takes weeks.

30.

The heavenly body that produces and emits its own light is

Mars.

meteorite.

the moon.

the sun.

Venus.

Answer: D

31.

An example of intensive system of poultry keeping is the

deep litter system.

fold unit system.

free range system.

free-running system.

Answer: A

32.

When the p-n junction of a transistor is reversed biased

current flows from the p-type to the n-type.

no current flows from the p-type to the n-type.

conduction of current occurs.

current flows from the n-type to the p-type.

Answer: B

33.

Animals that live in grasslands include

lions and giraffes

monkeys and tigers

antelopes and hares

woodpeckers and baboons

elephants and leopards

Answer: C

34.

Which part of the human body stores sperms temporarily?

Epididymis

Scrotum

Prostate gland

Sperm duct

Answer: A

Testes, produces sperm and cells which produce male sex hormone,testosterone

Scrotum,contains the testes

Epididymis,temporarily stores sperms

Sperm duct(vas deferens), carries sperms from epididymis to penis during ejaculation

Prostate gland,secretes seminal fluid which contains the enzymes and nutrients to activate and nourish sperms. Fluid secretions combines with sperms from testes to form semen.

35.

A suitable machine for loading drums of palm oil onto a truck is

a screw.

a crowbar.

a wheelbarrow.

an inclined plane.

Answer: D

36.

Which of the following statements about feeding relationships is not true?

Energy is transferred from one organism to another

A green plant is the basis of any food chain

Bacteria feed on dead organisms for energy

A carnivore feeds on green plants for energy

Omnivores feed on both plants and animals

Answer: D

37.

Legumes are generally included in crop rotation because they

are easy to uproot in preparation for the next planting season.

are able to fix atmospheric nitrogen in the soil.

have short life span.

are good cover crops.

have high market value.

Answer: B

38.

Which of the following leaves are sensitive to touch?

Cassava leaves

Mimosa leaves

Orange leaves

Palm leaves

Tomato leaves

Answer: B

39.

A group of stars form

The universe

The atmosphere

The solar system

The planetary system

A galaxy

Answer: E

40.

Fruits which are dispersed by wind are likely to be

dry.

hairy.

juicy.

sticky.

Answer: B

THEORY QUESTIONS

(a)

Define the following terms and give one example of each:

(i)

Element

(ii)

Mixture

(iii)

Compound

(b)

Explain the following terms:

(i)

Work

(ii)

Energy

(c)

State the units in which each of the following are measured:

(i)

Power

(ii)

Energy

(iii)

Electric current

(iv)

Temperature

(d)

A body of mass 100 kg is placed at a point 2 m above the ground. What is the potential energy of the body with reference to the ground?

[Take g = 10 ms^-2]

(e)

State three characteristics of each of the following:

(i)

An insect pollinated flower

(ii)

A wind pollinated flower

(a)

(i)

An element is a substance that cannot be broken down/split into simpler substances by any known chemical means.

Examples of elements (First 20 elements)

Atomic Number	Element	Symbol
1	Hydrogen	H
2	Helium	He
3	Lithium	Li
4	Beryllium	Be
5	Boron	B
6	Carbon	C
7	Nitrogen	N
8	Oxygen	O
9	Fluorine	F
10	Neon	Ne
11	Sodium	Na
12	Magnesium	Mg
13	Aluminium	Al
14	Si	Silicon
15	Phosphorus	P
16	Sulphur	S
17	Chlorine	Cl
18	Argon	Ar
19	Potassium	K
20	Calcium	Ca

(ii)

Mixture is what is formed when two or more substances are put together/combine physically.

Examples of mixtures

1. Air
2. Salt solution
3. Sugar solution
4. Common salt and sand mixed together
5. Muddy water
6. Alcohol and water mixed together
7. Powdered charcoal and iron filings mixed together
8. Powdered chalk and water mixed together
9. Iodine and sand mixed together
10. Sodium chloride/common salt and sand mixed together
11. Sawdust and iron filings mixed together
12. Powdered charcoal and water mixed together
13. Brass
14. Bronze

(iii)

A compound is the substance formed as a result of the chemical combination of two or more elements.

A compound is a substance which is made up of two or more elements chemically combined.

Examples of compounds

1. Water/H₂O
2. Common salt/Sodium chloride/NaCl
3. Carbon dioxide/CO₂
4. Ammonia/NH₃
5. Cupric oxide/Copper (II) oxide/CuO
6. Sulphuric acid/H₂SO₄
7. Sodium hydroxide/NaOH
8. Ammonium chloride/NH₄Cl
9. Hydrochloric acid/HCl
10. Copper (II) sulphate/Copper (II) tetraoxosulphate (VI)/CuSO₄
11. Iron (II) chloride/FeCl₃
12. Magnesium chloride /MgCl₂
13. Iron (II) sulphide/FeS
14. Ammonium hydroxide/NH₄OH
15. Calcium carbonate/CaCO₃
16. Calcium chloride/CaCl₂
17. Silver chloride/AgCl
18. Sodium tetraoxosulphate (VI)/Na₂SO₄
19. Sodium nitrate/Sodium trioxonitrate (V)/NaNO₃
20. Potassium sulphate/Potassium tetraoxosulphate (VI)/K₂SO₄

(b)

(i)

Work is said to be done when an application of a force moves an object through a distance in the direction of the force

Work is said to be done when a force moves a body through a distance in the direction of the force.

(ii)

Energy is the ability to do work.

(c)

Units of measurement:

(i)

Power → Watts (W)

(ii)

Energy → Joules (J)

(iii)

Electric current → Amperes (A)

(iv)

Temperature → Kelvin (K)/Degree celsius (°C)

(d)

Potential energy = Mass (m) x Acceleration due to gravity (g) x Height (h)

Mass (m) = 100 kg
Acceleration due to gravity (g) = 10 ms^-2
Height (h) = 2 m

Potential energy = 100 kg x 10 ms^-2 x 2 m
Potential energy = 2000 J

(e)

Characteristics of an insect pollinated flower

1. Petals are large
2. Petals are brightly coloured
3. The flower is usually scented
4. The flower has nectar
5. Stigma is inside the flower
6. Stigma is compact and sticky
7. Pollen grains produced per anther are few
8. Pollen grains are sticky, large, rough and heavy
9. Filaments are short and stout

ii)

Characteristics of a wind pollinated flower

1. Have less brightly coloured petals/petals are dull in colour
2. Petals are small in sizes and not easily seen or absent
3. The flower lacks nectar
4. The flower is not scented
5. Large amount of pollen grains are produced per anther
6. Have feathery/hairy stigma
7. Stigma hangs down to be able to catch pollen grains floating in the air
8. Pollen grains are small, light or dry and smooth
9. Filaments are long and flexible

(a)

(i)

Explain the term balanced diet.

(ii)

Name any two classes of food which should be present in a balanced diet.

(iii)

Give one function of each class of food named in (a) (ii) above.

(b)

An object is placed in front of a pinhole camera as shown in the diagram below:

Draw in your answer book a ray diagram (not to scale) to show how the image is formed on the screen of the camera.

(c)

State the two laws of reflection of light

(d)

(i)

Describe how ions are formed from atoms.

(ii)

State two differences between a proton and an electron.

(a)

(i)

Balanced diet is a diet that contains all the essential food nutrients in the right proportions.

(ii)

Classes of food which should be present in a balanced diet

1. Carbohydrates
2. Proteins
3. Fats and oils
4. Vitamins

(iii)

Protein helps to build and repair the worn out tissues in the body

Carbohydrate gives the body the energy it needs

Fats and oils provide energy for the body

Vitamins protect the body from diseases

(b)

(c)

Laws of reflection

1. The incident ray, the reflected ray and the normal at the point of incidence all lie in the same plane
2. The angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection

(d)

(i)

How ions are formed from atoms

1. Ions are formed when an atom gains or loses an electron
2. When an atom gains an electron, the number of electrons becomes greater than the number of protons and so a negative ion (Anion) is formed
3. When an atom loses an electron, the number of protons becomes greater than the number of electrons and so a positive ion (Cation) is formed

(ii)

Differences between a proton and an electron

Proton	Electron
Has positive charge	Has negative charge
Is located inside the nucleus	Is located outside the nucleus
Is more massive/heavier/denser	Is less massive/lighter

(a)

(i)

What is soil erosion? Give two types of soil erosion

(ii)

Give three activities of man that can cause soil erosion.

(iii)

List three ways by which soil can be conserved.

(b)

(i)

What is a lever?

(ii)

Classify the following under first class, second class and third class levers.

Sugar tong
Bottle opener
Paper cutter
A pair of scissors
Fishing rod
Claw hammer

(c)

In each of the following activities, state whether the changes that occurred are:

(i)

physical or chemical

(ii)

reversible or irreversible

Some boiled cassava and plantain were pounded together into fufu.

II.

A piece of ice block is put in a cup. After a while, it is found out that the block had changed into a liquid

III.

A clean piece of nail was put into a beaker of water. After five days it was observed that the colour of the nail had changed.

(a)

(i)

Soil erosion is the removal/washing away of soil particles/topsoil by running water or rain or wind.

Types of soil erosion

1. Gully
2. Rill
3. Sheet
4. Splash

(ii)

Activities of man that can cause soil erosion

1. Road construction
2. Bush fires
3. Deforestation
4. Farming/over-cropping
5. Sand wining/soil removal for building and road construction
6. Over-grazing by farm animals

(iii)

Ways by which soil can be conserved

1. Cover cropping
2. Crop rotation
3. Green manuring
4. Fertilizer application
5. Liming
6. Composting
7. Mixed farming
8. Mixed cropping
9. Alley cropping
10. Mulching
11. Bush fallowing
12. Application of farm yard manure/kraal manure/poultry manure
13. Use of leguminous crops to fix nitrogen
14. Tillage to improve aeration
15. Irrigation
16. Afforestation and reafforestation
17. Land rotation
18. Contour ploughing
19. Erecting windbreaks

(b)

(i)

A lever is a simple machine which consists of a rigid bar/rod free to turn about a fixed turning point called the fulcrum/pivot.

(ii)

Classes of levers

First class lever	Second class lever	Third class lever
A pair of scissors Claw hammer	Bottle opener Paper cutter	Sugar tong Fishing rod

(c)

#	Activity	Change	Reversible or irreversible
I.	Some boiled cassava and plantain were pounded together into fufu.	Physical change	Irreversible
II.	A piece of ice block is put in a cup. After a while, it is found out that the block had changed into a liquid	Physical change	Reversible
III.	A clean piece of nail was put into a beaker of water. After five days it was observed that the colour of the nail had changed.	Chemical change	Irreversible

Classify each of the following substances as colloids, suspension or solution: Smoke, breast milk, powdered milk in water, sea water, mist, steel.

Define valency

ii)

State the valencies of the following elements and radicals:

α)

Iron

β)

Zinc

γ)

Hydroxyl

λ)

Carbonate

Give one difference between plants and animals in terms of

feeding

ii)

excretion

iii)

sensitivity

Draw and label a diagram to show how an image is formed in a pinhole camera.

ii)

State the characteristics of the image formed.

Colloid	Suspension	Solution
Smoke Breast milk Mist	Powdered milk in water	Sea water Steel

Valency is the combining power of an element

Valency is the number of charges on the ions of an element or radical.

ii)

α)

Iron → 2 or 3

β)

Zinc → 2

γ)

Hydroxyl → 1

λ)

Carbonate → 2

Characterisitics	Plants	Animals
Feeding	Are able to manufacture their food from simple substances	Depend on plants and animals for food
Excretion	Store excretory products at the bark	Discharge/remove excretory products through excretory organs
Sensitivity	Respond slowly to stimuli	Respond quickly to external stimuli

ii)

Characteristics of the image formed by a pinhole camera

1. The image is diminished
2. The image is inverted
3. The image is real

(a)

A sample of garden soil is put in a cylinder containing water. It is shaken and allowed to settle.

Draw and label the layers formed.

(b)

(i)

Name four types of forces.

(ii)

A boy used a catapult to pluck a mango from a tree. State two forces involved in this activity.

(iii)

Where are the forces in (b) (ii) applied?

(c)

Describe an experiment to show that there is change in heat energy when a new substance is formed.

(a)

(b)

(i)

Types of forces

1. Force of gravity
2. Weight
3. Magnetic force
4. Electrostatic force
5. Frictional force
6. Centripetal force
7. Viscous force
8. Tensional/Elastic force
9. Adhesion
10. Cohesion
11. Centrifugal force

(ii)

1. Tensional/Elastic force
2. Force of gravity
3. Frictional force

(iii)

1. Tension/elastic force in the rubber band of the catapult pushed the stone
2. Force of gravity brought down the mango
3. Frictional force acts between the stone and the mango/between the leather of the catapult and the stone/between the palm and the stick of the catapult

(c)

Experiment to show that there is change in heat energy when a new substance is formed

1. Take two solutions/substances such as lead nitrate/lead (II) trioxonitrate (V) and dilute hydrochloric acid
2. Measure the temperature of the separate solutions and record
3. Pour the acid into the nitrate
4. Measure the temperature as you stir gently
5. It will be observed that a new substance is formed with a change in temperature
6. It can therefore be concluded that there is a change in heat energy when a new substance is formed

(a)

(i)

What is a vector of a disease?

(ii)

State two methods each by which the vectors of the following diseases can be destroyed:

(α)

river blindness;

(β)

malaria.

(b)

Write down the systematic names of the following compounds:

(i)

CaCo₃;

(ii)

FeS;

(iii)

NaCl;

(iv)

NaOH.

(c)

(i)

Give the two properties that are common to all states of matter.

(ii)

In an experiment to determine the density, a stone of mass 60 g is put into a bowl containing water. If the level of the water rises from 60 cm³ to 75 cm³, determine the density of the stone.

(a)

(i)

A vector is an agent/organism that transmits/spreads disease causing organisms/pathogens from diseased organisms to healthy ones.

(ii)

(α)

Methods used to destroy the vector of river blindness

1. Spraying the banks of rapidly moving rivers to kill the black fly/adult/larvae
2. Clearing the bushes and vegetation along the banks of rapidly moving rivers to destroy breeding places of the black fly

(β)

Methods used to destroy the vector of malaria

1. Spraying to kill the adult mosquitoes/larvae
2. Pouring oil on stagnant water to suffocate larvae of mosquito
3. Stocking rivers and ponds with the type of fish that feeds on mosquito larvae
4. Draining stagnant water to stop breeding of mosquitoes
5. Treat mosquito net to kill mosquitoes
6. Clearing bushes around the house

(b)

(i)

Systematic name of CaCo₃

Calcium trioxocarbonate (IV)

(ii)

Systematic name of FeS

Iron (II) sulphide

(iii)

Systematic name of NaCl

Sodium chloride

(iv)

Systematic name of NaOH

Sodium hydroxide

(c)

(i)

Properties that are common to all states of matter

1. Matter occupies space/has volume
2. Matter has weight/mass

(ii)

Density = $\frac{Mass}{Volume}$

Mass = 60 g

Volume = Final Volume - Initial Volume

Volume = 75 cm³ - 60 cm³
Volume = 15 cm³

Density = $\frac{60 g}{15 {cm}^{3}}$

Density = 4 gcm^-3