OBJECTIVE TEST

One benefit of technology to industrialization is

increase in cost of production.

reduction in skillful labour.

provision of machinery.

environmental pollution.

Answer: C

The ovary, style and stigma are collectively known as the

stamen.

pistil.

fruit.

stem.

Answer: B

Which of the following is the cleanest source of drinking water?

Lake

Stagnant water

River

Deep well

Surface well

Answer: D

Which of the following pairs of organisms are decomposers?

Animals and bacteria

Animals and fungi

Bacteria and plants

Bacteria and fungi

Plants and fungi

Answer: D

A machine which has an energy loss of 10% will have an efficiency of

100%

90%

55%

10%

Answer: B

Efficiency = 100% - % Energy Loss
Efficiency = 100% - 10%
Efficiency = 90%

Wood is used to make the handles of cooking utensils because it is

bad conductor of heat.

good absorber of heat.

good reflector of heat.

bad radiator of heat.

Answer: A

Wood is a bad conductor of heat that's why the heat from the cooking utensils is not transferred to the handle to burn the hand.

An example of intensive system of poultry keeping is the

deep litter system.

fold unit system.

free range system.

free-running system.

Answer: A

The floor of a room has length 20 m and breadth 15 m. Determine the area of the floor.

35 m²

200 m²

250 m²

300 m²

Answer: D

Area of a rectangle = Length x Breadth

Area of the floor = 20 m x 15 m = 300 m²

Farmers do not plant the stems of maize because the stems

do not have buds.

are difficult to obtain.

dry up too quickly.

do not contain food.

Answer: A

10.

The function of the lungs is to

maintain a constant amount of water in the body.

absorb oxygen from the blood.

absorb carbon dioxide from the blood.

maintain the temperature of the body constant.

Answer: C

How the lungs work

Every cell in your body needs oxygen to live. The air we breathe contains oxygen and other gases. The respiratory system's main job is to move fresh air into your body while removing waste gases.

Once in the lungs, oxygen is moved into the bloodstream and carried through your body. At each cell in your body, oxygen is exchanged for a waste gas called carbon dioxide. Your bloodstream then carries this waste gas back to the lungs where it is removed from the bloodstream and then exhaled. Your lungs and respiratory system automatically perform this vital process, called gas exchange.

11.

The chemical substances which help in the digestion of food are known as

enzymes.

hormones.

plasma.

vitamins.

Answer: A

12.

A mirror is used to direct sunlight onto the wall of a classroom by

dispersion.

refraction.

reflection.

radiation.

Answer: C

When a ray of light approaches a smooth polished surface and the light ray bounces back, it is called the reflection of light. The incident light ray that land on the surface is reflected off the surface. The ray that bounces back is called the reflected ray.

13.

The force which tends to pull an object in a circular motion towards the centre of the circle is called

centripetal force.

electrostatic force.

gravitational force.

magnetic force.

Answer: A

14.

Which of the following organisms is an ecto-parasite of animals?

Fleas

Tapeworm

Liver fluke

Roundworm

Answer: A

Ectoparasite: parasites that live on the surfaces of host organisms or in the skin and do not invade the inner body

Examples of ectoparasites

Fleas, head lice and bed bugs

Endoparasite

Endoparasites are parasites which live inside a host and generally inhabit areas such as the gut, lungs, heart and blood vessels.

Examples of endoparasites

Tapeworm, fluke and roundworm

15.

Kerosene and petrol are obtained from crude oil by

condensation of the crude oil

decantation of the crude oil

distillation of the crude oil

evaporation of the crude oil

filtration of the crude oil

Answer: C

16.

Which of these objects is a magnetic substance?

Aluminium

Brass

Copper

Iron

Answer: D

17.

A transistor is said to operate in an active region when

one p-n junction is forward biased and the other is reverse biased.

base-emitter junctions are reverse biased.

both p-n junctions are reverse biased.

base-collector junction is forward biased.

Answer: A

18.

Which of the following changes normally occur during old age in humans?

Grey hair starts appearing

Mental alertness increases

Broadening of the chest

Attraction to the the opposite sex

Answer: A

19.

Am example of soil micro-nutrients is

copper.

calcium.

phosphorus.

potassium.

Answer: A

20.

Leguminous crops may often be cultivated to add

carbon to the soil.

nitrogen to the soil.

protein to the soil.

potassium to the soil.

Answer: B

21.

The process that takes place when the sperm and the egg of humans fuse together is referred to as

fertilization.

menstruation.

ovulation.

reproduction.

Answer: A

22.

A grassland ecosystem that consists of snakes, toads and grasshoppers is most likely to produce a food chain of

toad → grass → grasshopper → snake.

grass → grasshopper → toad → snake.

grasshopper → grass → toad → snake.

grass → toad → grasshopper → snake.

Answer: B

23.

A plane mirror could be described as opaque because it

reflects all the light incident on it.

absorbs all the light incident on it.

allows the light incident on it to pass through it.

allows some of the light incident on it to pass through it and absorbs the rest.

Answer: A

24.

Fish swims in water with little resistance because it possesses

gills.

scales.

caudal fins.

streamlined body.

Answer: D

25.

Which of the following flower parts develops into a seed? The

ovule

pollen grain

stamen

stigma

style

Answer: A

26.

The use of resistance breeds of farm animals in controlling diseases is a

biological control method.

chemical control method.

cultural control method.

physical control method.

Answer: A

27.

The S.I unit for measuring the work done by a force is

Answer: A

28.

The process whereby a hot saturated solution is cooled to obtain the solute is called

condensation.

crystallization.

distillation.

evaporation.

Answer: B

29.

Gaseous exchange between air and blood in the lungs takes place in the

alveoli

bronchi

bronchioles

larynx

trachea

Answer: A

30.

Which of the following energy changes takes place when a church bell is tolled?

Potential energy to kinetic energy

Kinetic energy to sound energy

Potential energy to sound energy

Chemical energy to heat energy

Sound energy to Kinetic energy

Answer: B

31.

The method of preserving food by drying is similar to salting because in both cases germs are

deprived of the air needed for growth.

deprived of the water needed for growth.

destroyed at high temperatures.

destroyed at low temperatures.

Answer: B

32.

Boiling and chlorination are used in water purification to

kill germs.

help suspended particles to settle.

remove suspended particles.

remove hardness of the water.

Answer: A

33.

One hectare is equivalent to

100 m2

1,000 m2

10,000 m2

100,000 m2

1,000,000 m2

Answer: C

34.

How much work is done when a kerosene tin is pushed with a force of 20 N through a distance of 2 m?

0.01 J

0.10 J

10.0 J

20.0 J

40.0 J

Answer: E

Work done = Force x Distance

Force = 20 N

Distance = 2 m

Work done = 20 N x 2 m = 40 J

35.

All flowering plants end their life cycle with

seed formation.

seed development.

seed dispersal.

seed germination.

Answer: C

A flowering plant is simply a plant that produces flowers, and these flowers turn into fruits.

Flowering plants go through several stages: Germination, Pollination, Fertilization, and Dispersal.

The final stage in a flowering plant life cycle is seed dispersal.

36.

The simplest way of making well water suitable for laundry purpose is by

adding alum.

boiling.

chlorination.

filtering.

Answer: D

37.

Which of the following food substances would produce a red precipitate when heated with Millon's reagent?

Banana

Groundnut

Orange juice

Pineapple juice

Answer: B

Millon's reagent is a solution primarily used to detect the presence of tyrosine, an amino acid, in proteins. It works by reacting with the phenol group of tyrosine, producing a characteristic red or reddish-brown precipitate or coloration upon heating. The reagent is made by dissolving mercury in concentrated nitric acid and then diluting with water.

From the options provided, groundnut is the only protein and can test positive with Millon's reagent.

38.

The central nervous system consists of the

spinal cord and spine.

brain and the nerves.

brain and the spinal cord.

skeletal system and skull.

Answer: C

39.

Common salt (sodium chloride) is obtained from sea water by

condensation.

evaporation.

precipitation.

sublimation.

Answer: B

40.

The characteristics that distinguishes living things from non-living things is that, living things

are able to move, non-living things are not.

are of different sizes, non-living things have same size.

can manufacture their own food, non-living things cannot.

have a definite form, non-living things have irregular forms.

Answer: A

THEORY QUESTIONS

What is personal hygiene?

ii)

List four ways by which personal hygiene could be maintained

Define each of the following terms and give two examples in each case:

compound

ii)

mixture

What is a machine?

ii)

Give one example each of a

α)

first class lever

β)

second class lever

γ)

third class lever

What is a satellite?

ii)

State one use of satellite

Personal hygiene is the practice of keeping one's self/body and environment clean.

ii)

Ways by which personal hygiene could be maintained

1. Washing of hands with soap before preparing food, eating and after visiting the toilet
2. Fingernails and toenails should always be kept short and clean
3. Bathing frequently
4. Washing the hair frequently
5. Changing and washing of clothes frequently
6. Cleaning of teeth at least twice daily and preferably after each meal
7. Combs and hair brushes should not be shared
8. Drinking clean/treated water
9. Washing of hands after urinating
10. Cleaning the surroundings
11. Wearing of shoes and sandals to prevent cuts and infections

A compound is the substance formed as a result of the chemical combination of two or more elements.

A compound is a substance which is made up of two or more elements chemically combined.

Examples of compounds

1. Water/H₂O
2. Common salt/Sodium chloride/NaCl
3. Carbon dioxide/Carbon (IV) oxide/CO₂
4. Ammonia/NH₃
5. Cupric oxide/Copper (II) oxide/CuO
6. Sulphuric acid/H₂SO₄
7. Sodium hydroxide/NaOH
8. Ammonium chloride/NH₄Cl
9. Hydrochloric acid/HCl
10. Copper (II) sulphate/Copper (II) tetraoxosulphate (VI)/CuSO₄
11. Iron (II) chloride/FeCl₃
12. Magnesium chloride /MgCl₂
13. Iron (II) sulphide/FeS
14. Ammonium hydroxide/NH₄OH
15. Calcium carbonate/CaCO₃
16. Calcium chloride/CaCl₂
17. Silver chloride/AgCl
18. Sodium tetraoxosulphate (VI)/Na₂SO₄
19. Sodium nitrate/Sodium trioxonitrate (V)/NaNO₃
20. Potassium sulphate/Potassium tetraoxosulphate (VI)/K₂SO₄

ii)

A mixture is the substance formed as a result of the physical combination of two or more elements

A mixture is formed as a result of the physical combination of two or more other substances which can be separated by physical means.

Examples of mixtures

1. Air
2. Salt solution
3. Sugar solution
4. Common salt and sand mixed together
5. Muddy water
6. Alcohol and water mixed together
7. Powdered charcoal and iron filings mixed together
8. Powdered chalk and water mixed together
9. Iodine and sand mixed together
10. Sodium chloride/common salt and sand mixed together
11. Sawdust and iron filings mixed together
12. Powdered charcoal and water mixed together
13. Brass
14. Bronze

A machine is a device that makes work easier or faster

A machine is a device which enables a small force (effort) to overcome a large force (load).

ii)

α)

Exaples of first class lever

1. A pair of scissors
2. Crow bar
3. Claw hammer
4. Beam balance
5. See-saw
6. A pair of pliers
7. A pair of pincers
8. Shears

β)

Exaples of second class lever

1. Wheel barrow
2. Nut cracker
3. Bread knife
4. Bottle opener
5. Paper cutter
6. Staplers
7. Doors or gates
8. Nail clippers

γ)

Exaples of third class lever

1. Human forearm
2. Fishing rod
3. Sugar/ice tong
4. Shovel
5. Human jaw
6. A bow and arrow
7. A baseball bat
8. A broom

A satellite is an object which moves around a planet in space

ii)

Uses of satellite

1. For exploring the planets/moons
2. For scientific research/experimental research/internet
3. To study the universe
4. For communications/broadcasting/telephone call
5. For weather forecast/collecting information on the weather
6. Map making
7. Spying
8. For navigation/satellite for navigation
9. Military purposes

The diagram below is an illustration of a fish.

Study the diagram carefully and answer the questions that follow.

Identify the fish.

ii)

Name each of the parts labeled I, II, III, V.

iii)

Name that habitat of the fish.

iv)

Explain how each of the parts labelled III and VI enables the fish adapt to its habitat.

The diagram below is an illustration of a section through the soil.

Study the diagram carefully and answer the questions that follow.

What does the diagram represent?

ii)

Name each of the parts labelled I, II, III, IV.

iii)

Which part of the diagram:

α)

is the richest in humus?

β)

is the habitat for soil organisms?

γ)

undergoes weathering?

iv)

What is the effect of heavy rainfall on the part labelled I?

The diagram below is an illustration of an electrical circuit.

Study the diagram carefully and answer the questions that follow.

Name each of the parts labelled I, II, IV, VI.

ii)

State the energy transformation that takes place in:

α)

β)

iii)

State the S.I units of the quantity measured by each of the parts labelled:

α)

III

β)

iv)

State the function of the part labelled VI.

In an experiment, equal volumes and equal concentrations of dilute hydrochloric acid and dilute sodium hydroxide solutions were each placed in different test tubes.

Read the following statements carefully.

I. Both red and blue litmus papers were dipped into each of the solutions in turns.

II. Equal volumes of the solutions were mixed to obtain a third solution.

III. Both red and blue litmus papers were dipped into the third solution.

Use the information provided to answer the following questions.

Explain briefly how you can identify each of the solutions

α)

Hydrochloric acid

β)

Sodium hydroxide

ii)

State the types of reaction that occurred when the two solutions were mixed.

iii)

What type of solution was formed when the reaction stated in (ii) occurred?

iv)

State what would be observed when both red and blue litmus papers were dipped into the third solution.

Explain how the solid portion of the solution named in (iii) could be obtained.

Tilapia/Bony fish

ii)

I → mouth
II → operculum/gill cover
IV → scales/scale
V → lateral line

iii)

Habitat of tilapia/bony fish

1. Fresh water/river
2. Pond/fish pond
3. Brackish water/lagoon
4. Lake

iv)

Adaptation of fish

III (Pectoral Fin) → used for movement/swimming or pitching

VI (Eye) → for (wide) vision/seeing

Soil profile

ii)

I → Top soil/humus
II → Subsoil
III → Weathered material/rock
IV → parent/(unweathered) rock/rock layer/bedrock

iii)

α)

I/Top soil/Humus

β)

I/Top soil/Humus

γ)

II (Subsoil)/III (Weathered material)/IV (Parent rock/bedrock/rock/rocklayer)

iv)

Effects of heavy rainfall on I (Top Soil/Humus)

1. Erosion
2. Leaching

I → Cell
II → Key/switch
IV → (Standard) Resistor
VI → variable resistor/rheostat/resistance box

ii)

Energy transformation in parts of a circuit

α)

I (Cell) → Chemical to electrical

β)

IV (Resistor) → Electrical to heat

iii)

S.I Units of current and voltage

α)

III (Current) → Ampere(s) (A)

β)

V (Voltage) → Volt(s) (V)

iv)

Function of VI (Variable resistor/rheostat/resistance box)

1. Used to control/regulate current
2. Used to vary current

Identification of solutions

α)

Hydrochloric acid → Turns blue litmus paper to red

β)

Sodium hydroxide → Turns red litmus paper to blue

ii)

Neutralization reaction

iii)

Salt/Neutral/Sodium chloride (Solution)

iv)

Both red and blue litmus papers would not change colour/there is no colour change/no effect on both red and blue litmus papers

How to obtain salt (sodium chloride) from salt solution

Pour the resulting solution into a suitable container and allow to dry/heat to dryness/evaporate

(a)

(i)

State what happens when photosynthesis occurs in a leaf.

(ii)

What is pollination?

(b)

Explain briefly why the mass of lumpy charcoal remains unchanged when ground into powder but the mass of the same lump changes when heated to burn.

(c)

(i)

What is a physical quantity?

(ii)

State two physical quantities

(d)

State two importance each of:

(i)

light;

(ii)

temperature;

in crop production

(a)

(i)

What happens when photosynthesis occurs in a leaf

Plants take in carbon dioxide (CO_{2) and water (H2O) from the air and soil. Within the plant cell, the water is oxidized, meaning it loses electrons, while the carbon dioxide is reduced, meaning it gains electrons. This transforms the water into oxygen and the carbon dioxide into glucose. Light is also absorbed by chlorophyll}

(ii)

pollination is the transfer of pollen from the anther of a flower to the stigma of the same flower or another flower of the same type

(b)

Grinding lumpy charcoal is a physical change and therefore the components remain unchanged but burning charcoal is a chemical change and some of the components are released into the atmosphere

(c)

(i)

A physical quantity is any physical property of a material or substance that can be quantified, that is, can be measured using numbers

(ii)

1. Mass
2. Force
3. Density
4. Length
5. Temperature
6. Volume
7. Electric current
8. Velocity
9. Time

(d)

(i)

Importance of light in crop production

1. Needed for photosynthesis
2. Affects developments of fruits/growth of vegetative parts of crops
3. Absence of light results in weak stem

(ii)

Importance of temperature in crop production

1. Required for germination
2. Delays ripening of fruits when temperature is low
3. High temperature can cause evaporation from the soil causing water deficit for crops
4. High temperature can scorch the leaves of crops
5. Needed for photosynthesis/growth and development of plants

The diagrams below are illustrations of an experiment in the laboratory using a piece of stone, a cork of mass 4.0 g and other necessary materials.

The initial volume of water in A was read and noted. A string was attached to a piece of stone and the stone lowered gently into the water as shown in B. The volume was again read and noted. Finally, the cork of mass 4.0 g was attached to the stone and both materials lowered gently into the water as shown in C. The volume was read and noted.

Why did the level of the water rise when the stone was lowered gently into it as shown in diagram B.

ii)

Why was it necessary to attach the stone to the cork before lowering it gently into the water as shown in diagram C?

iii)

What would have happened if the cork alone were lowered gently into the water?

iv)

What is the volume of the

α)

stone?

β)

cork?

Calculate the density of the cork.

vi)

Why were the materials lowered gently in to the water?

A salt solution was prepared in the laboratory using the set of apparatus illustrated below. Study the illustrations carefully and used them to answer the question that follow.

Name each of the apparatus labelled I, II, III, IV and V.

ii)

State one function of each of the apparatus labelled I, II, III, IV and V.

The diagram below is an illustration of the external features of a flowering plant.

Study it carefully and use it to answer the questions that follow.

Name the parts labelled I, II, III, IV, V and VI.

ii)

State one function of each of the parts labelled I, II, III, V and VI.

iii)

State the two main parts of a flowering plant.

The diagram below is an illustration of a small farm animal.

Identify the animal.

ii)

Name each of the parts of the animal labelled I, II, III, IV, V and VI.

iii)

Name the structure in which the animal is kept.

iv)

Mention three breeds of the animal.

State two management practices to be adopted in order to control diseases and pests in the rearing of the animal.

The stone displayed water

The stone occupied space

The volume of the stone was added to the water

ii)

The cork would float

The stone acts as a sinker

iii)

The cork will move up again

The cork will float

iv)

Volume = Final Volume - Initial Volume

α)

Volume of stone = 38 cm³ - 20 cm³ = 18 cm³

β)

Volume of cork = 40 cm³ - 38 cm³ = 2 cm³

Density = $\frac{Mass}{Volume}$

Density of cork = $\frac{Mass of cork}{Volume of cork}$

Mass of cork = 4 g

Volume of cork = 2 cm³

Density of cork = $\frac{4 g}{2 {cm}^{3}}$

Density of cork = 2 gcm^-3

vi)

To avoid splashing/spilling of water

I → Volumetric flask
II → Beaker
III → Funnel
IV → Stirring rod/Stirrer
V → Wash bottle

ii)

I → Used to prepare standard solution or prepare solution of known/given volume

II → Used to dissolve the solute/It could also be used to hold solution.

III → Transfer liquid/solution into the flask

IV → To stir or mix the solution

V → The water it contains is used to top solutions up to required level without exceeding the level/It can be used to wash solution stuck to containers for effective titration experiments

I → Terminal bud II → Flower III → Leaf IV → Leaf stalk/petiole/node V → Stem VI → Root

ii)

Functions of I (Terminal bud)

1. Protects the growing regions
2. Develops into flower

Functions of II (Flower)

1. For reproduction
2. Fruit formation
3. For pollination

Functions of III (Leaf)

1. For photosynthesis/absorption of sunlight
2. For transpiration
3. For exchange of gases between the atmosphere and the plant

Functions of V (Stem)

1. Holds leaves/flowers to perform their functions
2. Transports/conducts water to parts of plant
3. For Storage of food

Functions of VI (Root)

1. Absorption of nutrients/water from the soil
2. Holds/Anchors plant firmly in the soil
3. Stores excess food in some plants

iii)

Main parts of a flowering plant

Shoot (system)
Root (system)

Rabbit

ii)

I → Ear/Pinna
II → Cleft lip
III → Belly
IV → Hind limb
V → Tail
VI → Rump

iii)

Hutch

iv)

Breeds of rabbit

1. Dutch
2. Chinchilla
3 Rose
4. English
5. Beveren
6. Belgian
7. New Zealand
8. Chin Ginganta
9. Flenish Giant
10. Polish
11. New Zealand Red
12. Angora
13. California White
14. Florida White
15. Havana
16. Lilac
17. Lop
18. Rex
19. Spanish (Giant)
20. Continental Giant
21. Cinnamon
22. Silver

Management practices to be adopted in order to control diseases and pests in the rearing of rabbit

1. Regular vertinary services
2. Provide good drinking water
3. The hutch should be cleaned regularly
4. The feeder should be washed
5. Disinfectant should be used
6. Dry feed should be given to the animal
7. Recommended pesticides should be used to control pests
8. Separate/isolate sick animals from healthy ones

(a)

(i)

State two conditions that are required for photosynthesis to take place.

(ii)

How would you show that starch is formed during photosynthesis?

(b)

Write a balanced chemical equation to show the reaction between hydrogen and oxygen.

(c)

(i)

What is a satellite?

(ii)

Give one example of a natural satellite.

(iii)

List two uses of artificial satellites.

(a)

(i)

Conditions that are required for photosynthesis to take place

1. Presence of sunlight/light
2. Presence of carbon dioxide
3. Presence of chlorophyll
4. Suitable temperature/warmth
5. Water/mineral salts

(ii)

How to show that starch is formed during photosynthesis

1. Two leaves are plucked, one from a plant exposed to sunlight for at least two hours and the other from plant kept in the dark for the same period
2. Both leaves are boiled in water to kill the cells
3. Both leaves are boiled in alcohol to remove pigmentation/chlorophyll
4. Both decolourized leaves are washed in warm water to soften them
5. Dip both leaves in iodine solution
6. The leaf plucked from plant in the sunlight turns blue black with iodine showing the formation of starch during photosynthesis
7. The leaf plucked from plant kept in the dark remains colourless showing there was no formation of starch because photosynthesis did not take place

(b)

A balanced chemical equation showing the reaction between hydrogen and oxygen

2H₂ + O₂ → 2H₂O

(c)

(i)

A satellite is an object that moves around a larger object in space.

A satellite is an artificial body placed in orbit round the earth or another planet.

(ii)

Examples of natural satellites

1. Moon
2. Earth

Note: any named planet is also an example of a natural satellite

(iii)

Uses of artificial satellite

(a)

(i)

Explain the term electromagnetism.

(ii)

Given a nail, insulated wire, key (or switch) and a battery, show by means of a circuit diagram how the nail can be magnetized.

(b)

List three symptoms of malaria.

(c)

State three ways of keeping the environment clean.

(d)

Write down the names of the new substances formed when the following compounds react:

(i)

Ammonia and dilute hydrochloric acid;

(ii)

Sodium hydroxide and dilute hydrochloric acid;

(iii)

Calcium carbonate and dilute hydrochloric acid.

(a)

(i)

Electromagnetism is the production of a magnet by the use of electric current.

(ii)

(b)

Symptoms of malaria

1. High body temperature
2. Sweating
3. Headache
4. Nausea and vomiting
5. Loss of appetite

(c)

Ways of keeping the environment clean

1. Weed surroundings regularly
2. Rubbish should be burnt regularly
3. Gutters should be kept clean
4. Proper disposal of refuse/sewage

(d)

New substances formed when the following compounds react:

(i)

Reaction: NH₃ + HCl → NH₄Cl

New substances formed: Ammonium chloride (NH₄Cl)

(ii)

Reaction: NaOH + HCl → NaCl + H₂O

New substances formed: Sodium chloride (NaCl) and water (H₂O)

(iii)

Reaction: CaCO₃ + 2HCl → CaCl₂ + CO₂ + H₂O

New substances formed: Calcium chloride (CaCl₂), carbon dioxide/Carbon (IV) oxide (CO₂) and water (H₂O)