a)

Mean/Average = $\frac{\mathrm{Sum\; of\; items}}{\mathrm{Number\; of\; items}}$

Mean/Average = $\frac{\mathrm{5\; +\; 10\; +\; 15\; +\; 25\; +\; 50\; +\; 120}}{6}$

Mean/Average = $\frac{225}{6}$ = 37.5 mm

b)

Total rainfall from July to December = 145 + 130 + 80 + 90 + 40 + 10

Total rainfall from July to December = 495 mm

c)

February and December (10 mm)

d)

The rainfall was low at the beginning of the year, steadily increased to a maximum in July and thereafter decreased to low levels at the end of the year

(a)

(b)

Effects of superstitious beliefs on a community

1. It slows down growth and scientific development. This reduces the ability of the people to solve problems in a rational manner
2. There is abuse of human rights. Individuals accused of superstitious experience are abused against their fundamental human rights
3. It brings about irrational fear which makes people live in fear as a result of being afraid that someone who has supernatural powers may harm them
4. It reduces scientific and critical thinking for instance people do not question the reason behind some happenings
5. It brings about suspicion and mistrust which brings fear leading to break-up of families and relationships
6. It leads to animosity which can lead to ethnic conflicts
7. It leads to laziness and does not promote development
8. It brings social control and good morals
9. It preserves and conserves forest as certain forest are left because of superstitious beliefs
10. It brings about social cohesion and unity
11. Lot of resources are wasted on pacification and sacrifices
12. It promotes crime such as serial killings
13. It provides rest to farmers, fishermen, hunters
14. It maintains respect for law and order and respect for authority

a)

Characteristics of the North East Trade winds in Ghana

1. Another name is called Harmattan
2. Blow from the North east of Ghana to the South west of Ghana in direction
3. Winds are normally dry
4. The winds do not bring rains
5. The winds bring along dust
6. Blow around the months of November to March/November to February
7. Bring about hazy weather conditions/poor visibility
8. Temperature of the winds is low/winds are cold
9. Associated with movements of air pressure belts
10. Cloud cover is low
11. Low relative humidity

b)

Effects of the North East Trade winds in Ghana

1. Visibility is poor
2. The weather become cold, dry and dusty
3. Prevents rainfall
4. Volume of rivers and dams decreases
5. Dusty condition
6. Discomfort on eye, skin, nose and body
7. Air pollution
8. Rivers, streams and creeks dry up
9. Affects aircraft, rail and ship operations
10. Facilitate bush fires
11. Lips and feet bleed
12. Aid in salt production
13. Farmers harvest and dry crops
14. Cause bronchial related illnesses eg. asthma
15. Facilitate clearing of farm lands
16. Facilitate drying of laundry clothes
17. Reduce the breeding conditions of mosquitoes
18. Facilitate hunting of animals
19. Lack of pasture for animals

(a)

Negative effects of rural-urban migration on the villages of Ghana

1. Low Production of food and other agricultural products
2. Increased number of broken homes as a result of breakdown of marriages
3. Lack of supervision of children which often creates a high incidence of child delinquency, early sex, teenage pregnancies and drug addiction
4. Poverty of women is high when their husbands desert them for greener pastures
5. Decline in local industries or rural crafts since there is mass exodus of the youth to the urban areas leaving the family crafts behind
6. Loss of traditional cultural values
7. Loss of agricultural labour force
8. Decrease in population in the rural areas
9. Rural development slows down

(b)

Ways of reducing rural-urban migration in Ghana

1. Provision of job opportunities in the rural areas
2. Making the acquisition of land for farming easier in the rural areas
3. Provision of social amenities and infrastructure in the form of electricity, good roads, educational institutions and health facilities
4. Modernization or abolition of traditional practices such as Trokosi, female genital mutilation, force marriage, puberty rites and widowhood rites
5. Persuasion of the youth through education to know of the negative experiences of people in the urban centres
6. Improvement in agricultural services in the rural areas/Agriculture should be made attractive for rural dwellers
7. Provision of recreational facilities to make life interesting for the youth in the rural areas

a)

Reasons why the British colonized Ghana

1. The needed peace to be able to carry their trading activities with the people of the Gold Coast. They therefore decided to bring the Ashantis under their control in order to prevent any conflict/war among the various ethnic groups
2. They needed to prevent the French and the German from extending their influence to the Gold Coast so they sign treaties with the northern chiefs
3. They wanted to exploit our resources to their country
4. They needed peace to preach the gospel

b)

Ways by which the British colonized Ghana

1. By agreement: The British signed peace agreement with eight Fante chiefs so that they/the British can colonize them. This agreement became the Bond of 1844
2. By force: The British attacked, defeated and added the Ashantis to their colonies for interfering with their trade. This was the Sargrenti war in 1901
3. By persuasion: The British persuaded the northern chiefs to accept their protection from the French and German and this led to the declaration of the northern territory as a protectorate

c)

Benefits which Ghana has derived from British colonization

1. It led to the development and expansion of road, telecommunication, railway networks and the establishment of formal education (schools)
2. It led to the spread of Christianity to all parts of the country side
3. It brought about mechanized method of farming (improved agriculture)
4. It led to the introduction of new systems of administration of justice to end the trial by ordeal or sorcery
5. It brought an end to the practice of human sacrifices
6. It led to the introduction of new currency to replace the use of cowries and barter system leading to the setting up of banks and other financial institutions
7. It brought social and economic changes such as health services, education, dress code and interactions with world economy

a)

b)

Effects of this age distribution on development in Ghana

1. The country will have a large labour force in the future
2. A youthful population promotes specialization
3. A youthful population increases demand for goods and services required for young people (large market)
4. Government expenses on social services will be high
5. The dependency ratio is high therefore there is too much burden on the working population
6. There will be low savings and low investment
7. The government will spend a lot of money on the youth and aged in the field of education and health respectively
8. There will be high government expenditure on pensioners
9. Development will be slow
10. Low tax revenue