a)

Aims of the United Nations Organization

1. To maintain and promote world peace and security
2. To promote the respect for human rights
3. To promote mutual respect for member states through co-operation in solving economic, social and cultural problems
4. To prevent re-occurrence of another world war

b)

Problems facing the United Nations Organization

1. Financial problems: The U.N does not have adequate funds to implement and enforce its decisions or programs worldwide. The main source of revenue for the U.N is through the annual dues which member states pay. Some countries default in payment
2. Political hindrances: The veto exercise by some permanent members (countries) on the Security Council sometimes makes the organization weak because they abuse the veto power and the rule of law
3. Lack of regular (ready) troops: The absence of standing military personnel delays timely interventions by the U.N on war fronts
4. Division of the world into power blocs also poses a problem. It hinders co-operation among members and also prevents free and fair decisions at U.N.O. meetings

a)

Reasons why people embark on tours to different places

1. For sightseeing
2. To learn new things (e.g. culture)
3. For enjoyment and relaxation
4. To acquire new artifacts
5. To appreciate and interact with nature
6. For religious purposes
7. For health reasons
8. To engage in economic activities
9. For education and research

b)

Importance of tourism to the Ghanaian

1. Provides employment
2. Serves as source of foreign exchange
3. Source of revenue to the state
4. Leads to infrastructural development
5. Helps to conserve natural resources
6. Promotes the growth and development of local craft industries
7. Projects Ghana's image abroad
8. Attracts foreign investors
9. Helps to protect historical monuments

a)

The Fante Confederation

1. The Fante Confederation was formed in 1868 by the Fante states and some southern states like Denkyire, Wassaw, Twifu and Assin.
2. It was one of the movements that opposed the growth of British influence in Ghana

Reasons for which the Fante Confederation was formed

1. British interference in local affairs
2. Protest against payment of taxes
3. Failure of the British to protect the less performing states e.g. Twifo Ajumako and Asikuma
4. Maltreatment of some Fante Chiefs
5. To prevent the Dutch from taking over Komenda
6. The Fante at certain time lost confidence in the British
7. Lack of social amenities in the Gold Coast Colony
8. Non representation at the legislative and executive councils

b)

Reasons for the fall of the Fante Confederation

1. The British caused confusion among the chiefs thereby dividing their front
2. The non-Fante members of the confederation lost interest in the confederation because they joined the union to help the people of Komenda against the Dutch. When the Dutch left in 1972 they saw no need to be members of the union
3. Members of the various groups felt that leaders should be chosen from their groups and this led to power struggle which eventually weakened the union
4. The British were hostile to the confederation, so they arrested and imprisoned some of its leaders in an attempt to weaken the confederation
5. Financial problems also made it impossible for the union to implement its plans

a)

Ways by which water can be polluted in Ghana

1. By dumping waste materials into water
2. By using chemicals such as DDT to catch fish/Bad fishing method
3. By dumping petroleum products and oil spillage into water bodies
4. By pouring sand into the water (blocking water ways with sand)
5. By allowing animals to use same source of water with human beings
6. By human activities such as washing and bathing in rivers or lakes

b)

Effects of water pollution

1. Spread of water borne diseases such as cholera and bilharzia
2. It will also destroy fishes and other aquatic lives (animals and plants) in the water bodies
3. High cost of treating polluted water in order to make it safe for drinking
4. When water becomes polluted and unsafe for drinking, there could be shortage of water

(a)

(b)

Reasons the society must be educated on human rights

1. To encourage freedom of speech
2. To prevent corruption in society/promote accountability
3. To protect the vulnerable in the society/reduction in fear
4. To live and enjoy life to the full
5. To enable citizens, enjoy freedom of movement
6. Equal opportunity to everyone to earn a living
7. To enable citizens enjoy equal legal representation and opportunity
8. To enable citizens enjoy freedom of association
9. To create awareness
10. Respect for each other in society/peaceful co-existence
11. To prevent crime in the society

Any 4 points @ 3 marks each = 12 marks