a)

b

The achievement of Sir Gordon Guggisberg in the Gold Coast (Ghana)

1. Development of health centres
2. Initiative development plan
3. Construction of ports and harbour
4. Construction of roads
5. Construction of railway lines
6. Proposed electrification projects
7. Establishment of schools
8. Release of seized lands to owners
9. Drafted more Africans into Administration/civil service
10. Drafted a constitution for the country
11. Brokered peace between the British and the country
12. Chiefs were represented in legislation
13. Set up of Provincial Councils for each province
14. Helped in the development of agriculture sector
15. Encouraged the teaching of technical and vocational skills in schools
16. Encouraged the teaching of local history and languages
17. Encouraged the education of girls
18. Returned Prempeh I from Seychelles Island

a)

A scale of a map shows the relationship between the distance on the map and the actual distance on the ground. A scale could also be said to be the reduced form of actual distance on paper

b)

The three ways of indicating the scale of a map

Linear scale: This is expressed in the form of line, with the lines divided into smaller parts known as primary divisions

Statement scale: This is expressed in a form of statement. For example, one centimetre to ten kilometers

Representative scale: This is expressed in the form of fraction or ratio.

For example, 1:10,000 or $\frac{1}{\mathrm{10,000}}$

c)

If 20 km = 1 cm
200 km = $\frac{\mathrm{200\; km\; x\; 1\; cm}}{\mathrm{20\; km}}$ = 10 cm

If 20 km = 1 cm
120 km = $\frac{\mathrm{120\; km\; x\; 1\; cm}}{\mathrm{20\; km}}$ = 6 cm

The length on paper will be 10 cm and breadth/width, 6 cm

a)

b)

1. Providing storage facilities

2. processing raw resource.

3. Provision of irritation

4. Using of modern technology

5. disease and pest control

6. A simple means of raising capital through a loan

7.improving the land tenure system

(a)

(b)

Reasons to convince any individual to join a Social Security Scheme in Ghana

1. Financial security
2. For medical care/sick benefit
3. Poverty prevention
4. Surviving benefit/Death benefit of dependents
5. For retirement benefits and old age
6. For economic stability
7. For disability benefits/invalidity benefit

Any 4 @ 3 marks each = 12 marks

(a)

Cultural change means adaptation and shift in social, economic and general culture life to be able to cope with present development.

(b)

Factors responsible for cultural change in Ghana

1. Education: Education has positively changed the culture of many societies in Ghana, changing how people think and behave and has exposed many people to cultures that are different from theirs
2. Trade: Trading activities lead to interactions between people from different cultures which help people to adopt cultural traits such as language, dressing and also changed aspects of their own culture considered as outmoded
3. Inventions and other forms of technology: Inventions expose people to new lifestyles, dressing, beliefs and new way of doing things causing changes in their old and traditional culture
4. Travelling/migration: When people travel/migrate from their hometowns, communities and countries, they discover new aspects of culture which are easier and better and may adopt and integrate the new culture into theirs
5. Changes in the physical environment such as deforestation, increase in rainfall, etc.
6. Changes in the social environment such as increased population, smaller families and changes in the respect for leaders
7. Social upheavals such as civil wars, conflicts, revolutions, etc.
8. Research and new discoveries such as plant medicine, mineral discoveries, etc.
9. Influence of other cultures due to religion, colonization, media influence, etc.
10. Inter-marriages: Marriages between people from different cultures lead to the adoption of new aspects of culture such as language, religion, dress, food, etc.

a)

b)

1. Right attitude towards work

2. Using proper equipment

3. Use of modern technology

4. Setting goals and doing proper planning

5. Effective supervision

6. The availability of suitable resources

7. Motivation of workers