a)

Contributions of the manufacturing industry to the economy of Ghana

1. Creating employment for the youth
2. Generating revenues for the government through tax
3. Supplying goods and services to the general public for consumption
4. Helping to correct balance of payment problem in Ghana/Source of foreign exchange
5. Adding value to raw produce locally for instance cocoa beans is processed into cocoa butter

b)

Problems facing the manufacturing industry in Ghana

1. Lack of available markets for finished products
2. Lack of capital for expansion
3. Lack of skilled labour (workers)
4. Lack of stable government
5. High tax burden on industries
6. Low development of our roads
7. Lack of enough raw materials

a)

Dr. Kwame Nkrumah

1. Was the first president of Ghana and the leading instrument in the fight for independence
2. He was the prime minister in 1952 and later ruled Ghana as president from 1960 to 1966
3. Born at Nkroful on 21^st September, 1909 in the Western Region of Ghana
4. He attended Roman Catholic Primary and Middle Schools at Half-Assini and taught for a year as a pupil teacher in the same town
5. He attended Achimota College in 1926 and got a teaching certificate in 1930
6. He travelled to America in 1935 and studied at Lincoln University where he received a Bachelor of Arts Degree in Economics and Sociology and a Degree in Theology
7. He also attended the University of Pennsylvania and received a Masers Degree in Philosophy and a Master of Science Degree in Education
8. He left the USA for Britain to study Economics at the London School of Economics between 1945 and 1947
9. He was invited to the Gold Coast by the leadership of the UGCC in 1947 to occupy the post of General Secretary of the party
10. He later left the UGCC to form his own political party, the Convention People's Party (CPP) on 12^th June, 1949
11. He helped Ghana to gain independence on 6^th March, 1957
12. His government was overthrown on 24^th February, 1966
13. He died on 27^{th April, 1972 in Bucharest (Romania)}

Achievements of Dr. Kwame Nkrumah

1. He led Ghana to attain her independence from the colonial masters
2. He constructed the Tema motorway and townships
3. He constructed the Adomi Bridge
4. He started the Akosombo Dam in 1961 and completed it in 1965
5. He introduced irrigation farming particularly for rice and sugar cultivation at Komenda and Asutuare
6. He built the Tema Harbour
7. He played a major role in the formation of the Organization of African Unity (OAU)
8. He introduced the compulsory and free-tuition primary education including the free text-books scheme
9. He established several institutions of higher learning such as Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology at Kumasi in 1952 and Cape Coast University in 1962 at Cape Coast
10. He built new hospitals such as Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital in Kumasi and Effia Nkwanta Hospital at Secondi Takoradi
11. He established the University of Ghana Medical School at Korle-Bu in Accra

b)

Sir Frederick Gordon Guggisberg

1. He was a Canadian born British Governor who ruled the Gold Coast from 1919 to 1927
2. He was born in 1869
3. He first arrived in Gold Coast in 1901 to draw survey maps of the country and left in 1908
4. He also took part in the first world war from 1914 to 1918

Achievements of Sir Gordon Guggisberg

1. Development of health centres
2. Initiative development plan
3. Construction of ports and harbour
4. Construction of roads
5. Construction of railway lines
6. Proposed electrification projects
7. Establishment of schools
8. Release of seized lands to owners
9. Drafted more Africans into Administration/civil service
10. Drafted a constitution for the country
11. Brokered peace between the British and the country
12. Chiefs were represented in legislation
13. Set up of Provincial Councils for each province
14. Helped in the development of agriculture sector
15. Encouraged the teaching of technical and vocational skills in schools
16. Encouraged the teaching of local history and languages
17. Encouraged the education of girls
18. Returned Prempeh I from Seychelles Island

(a)

(b)

Challenges in using technology

1. Improvement in previous technology is made constantly therefore requiring regular updates and retraining
2. There is internet connectivity issues such as slow data speeds
3. Technical issues such as system crashes may occur to disrupt workflow
4. There are security threats such as cyber attacks to breach data and compromise sensitive information or privacy
5. Regular maintenance and updates can consume time and resources
6. Technology is expensive to acquire, upgrade and maintain
7. Maintenance of the gadget in the village becomes a problem
8. Loss of gadgets leads to loss of information

(a)

(b)

Reasons to convince any individual to join a Social Security Scheme in Ghana

1. Financial security
2. For medical care/sick benefit
3. Poverty prevention
4. Surviving benefit/Death benefit of dependents
5. For retirement benefits and old age
6. For economic stability
7. For disability benefits/invalidity benefit

Any 4 @ 3 marks each = 12 marks