a)

b)

Effects of this age distribution on development in Ghana

1. The country will have a large labour force in the future
2. A youthful population promotes specialization
3. A youthful population increases demand for goods and services required for young people (large market)
4. Government expenses on social services will be high
5. The dependency ratio is high therefore there is too much burden on the working population
6. There will be low savings and low investment
7. The government will spend a lot of money on the youth and aged in the field of education and health respectively
8. There will be high government expenditure on pensioners
9. Development will be slow
10. Low tax revenue

a)

Ethnic groups in Ghana

1. Akan: Fante, Akyem, Asante, Bono, Gyaman, Ahanta, Nzema

2. Ga-Adangbe: Ga, Krobo, Shai/Osudoku, Ningo/Prampram

3. Mole-Dagbani: Dagomba, Wala, Mamprusi, Nanumba, Dagaba, Kusasi

4. Ewe: Anglo, Kreppi, Tongu

5. Guans: Efutus, Kyerepong, Gonja, Sisala, Kassina, Kokomba, Bulsa

6. Konkomba
7. Sisala
8. Bulsa
9. Kassina
10. Bimoba

b)

Reasons for the movement of the named ethnic groups to their present settlements

1. For peace
2. For fertile land
3. To avoid natural disasters
4. To get near the trading centres and roads
5. For employment
6. From the cruel leadership styles of kings

a)

Mean/Average = $\frac{\mathrm{Sum\; of\; items}}{\mathrm{Number\; of\; items}}$

Mean/Average = $\frac{\mathrm{5\; +\; 10\; +\; 15\; +\; 25\; +\; 50\; +\; 120}}{6}$

Mean/Average = $\frac{225}{6}$ = 37.5 mm

b)

Total rainfall from July to December = 145 + 130 + 80 + 90 + 40 + 10

Total rainfall from July to December = 495 mm

c)

February and December (10 mm)

d)

The rainfall was low at the beginning of the year, steadily increased to a maximum in July and thereafter decreased to low levels at the end of the year

a)

Characteristics of a good map

A good map should have:
1. Title
2. A date
3. Key or legend
4. A scale
5. Convectional signs
6. Direction

b)

Steps taken to draw the map of a school compound

1. Do a reconnaissance/survey
2. Do a rough sketch map
3. Revisit the compound for correction
4. Measure the length and breadth of the compound
5. Choose and state the scale
6. Draw the outline of the compound using the scale
7. Insert the outline of the features on the compound
8. Label the features inside the frame of the compound
9. Show the north pole
10. Show the key
11. Write the title of the map

a)

Trans-Saharan Trade was the barter trade between the people of Western Sudan and North Africa across the Sahara Desert. The trade was conducted among three continents, Africa, Europe and Asia

b)

Positive effects of the Trans-Saharan Trade on Western Sudan

1. Travelling possibilities: The trade paved way for many people such as traders, scholars, religious groups to cross the Saharan Desert for the first time
2. Spread of culture: It led to the spread of the culture of the North Africans and the Arabs in Western Sudan
3. Wealth creation: It made the people of Western Sudan very rich
4. Spread of religion: It also led to the spread of the Islamic Religion in the Western Sudan

Negative effects of the Trans-Saharan Trade on Western Sudan

1. Insecurity in the desert: It made the trade routes to become very dangerous. Attacks by armed robbers were common
2. Lack of water: Water was a problem to those who lost their way in the desert from or to Western Sudan

c)

Items of the Trans-Saharan Trade

1. Salt
2. Gold
3. Ostrich feathers
4. Spices
5. Cloth
6. Beads
7. Ivory
8. Guns
9. Gun powder
10. Camels