(a)

I → Rain forest (evergreenn)
II → Semi deciduous forest
III → Coastal thicket and grassland/mangrove
IV → Guinea savanna
V → Sudan savanna

(b)

Benefits of water bodies in Ghana

1. Reducing the occurrence of floods
2. For domestic purposes
3. Drainage system
4. Fish for human consumption
5. Source of food for aquatic life
6. Home for aquatic life
7. Generation of electricity
8. Transportation
9. Formation of rain
10. Provision of minerals
11. Tourism/recreation
12. Agricultural purposes
13. Industrial purposes
14. Used as boundaries

(a)

Reason why the Watson Commission was set up

The Watson Commission was set up to go into the 1948 disturbances that took place in Gold Coast (Ghana) and make recommendations.

(b)

Reasons for the 1948 riots

1. The Gold Coasters were not satisfied with the Burns Constitutions because there were too many Europeans and few Ghanaians in the Executives and legislative Council
2. Ghanaian soldiers who fought for the colonial masters during the second world war (world war II) were dissatisfied with their lot after returning home. They faced many problems - had no jobs, no houses to sleep and were not paid pensions
3. The general shortage of essential goods led to high prices of goods
4. Insufficient jobs
5. Poor handling of the swollen shoot diseases that attacked cocoa trees
6. The Gold Coasters disliked conditional sales
7. People hated the control of goods by the Syrians and Lebanese
8. Shooting of three (3) ex-servicemen was the immediate cause

a)

Human rights abuse is the infringement/violation of the rights and freedom of the individual.

b)

Reasons why people suffer human rights abuses

1. Illiteracy/low level of education/ignorance
2. Poverty
3. Lack of political representation of minority groups
4. Fear of intimidation
5. Apathy on the part of the individual
6. Lack of confidence in the judicial system
7. Religious traditional beliefs such as trokosi system, widowhood rites, child betrothal, etc.
8. Stigmatization by the public
9. Discrimination such as gender, race, colour, physical disability, religion, etc.
10. Parental irresponsibility such as child neglect, etc.

c)

Ways by which human rights abuses may be prevented

1. Public education on the rights and freedoms of the individual must be intensified
2. People must be empowered to be economically strong
3. Violators/offenders must be exposed and punished
4. Independent judiciary/court to settle all abuses impartially without fear of favour
5. Human Rights Institutions such as CHRAJ, DOVVSU, FIDA, MOWWAC should be strengthened to prevent human rights abuses
6. Modernization of outmoded cultural and traditional practices such as Dipo, etc.
7. The media should serve as a watch dog to expose all such abuses
8. Religious bodies and civil society organizations should show commitment to educate their followers on moral and ethical issues
9. Making formal education more accessible to the citizenry

a)

b)

1.Being laid off or losing of job

2.High rate of school dropouts

3.Loss of respect in the society

4. High rate of poverty

5. an individual may face charges and go to prison.

6. adequate education on drug usage and its effects.

7. proper education regarding dangerous abortion

a)

Conditions necessary for economic growth and high productivity

1. The use of modern technology: The use of computers, automated machines in agriculture and industries for instance has led to increase productivity in these sectors
2. Effective management: Management can acquire new skills from institutions like Ghana Institute of Management and Public Administration which enable them improve on their efficiency and also perform their supervisory duties well to achieve higher productivity
3. Planning and target setting: This is necessary for increase in output. The experts should undertake thorough feasibility studies, formulate and implement policies that would lead to resource exploitation for sustainable development of the country
4. Training of workers: This could take the form of technical or vocational education, on the job training, in-service training or other institutional training programme for workers
5. Paying high wages to workers: Workers whose performances are appreciable must be paid in accordance with their output. This serves as motivation for greater performance
6. The use of appropriate tools in farming, manufacturing and other sectors of the economy has led to higher productivity for local use and export to earn foreign exchange for the country

b)

Reasons why Ghana's economy is not growing

1. Inadequate Infrastructure: The economy of Ghana is not growing because of its poor infrastructural facilities. The country's roads and railway networks are very poor and the supply of electricity and communication system are under-developed. These poor infrastructural facilities hinder the exploitation of the country's natural resources
2. Negative attitude towards work: Many Ghanaians especially those in the public sector exhibit poor attitude to work like absenteeism, lateness, loitering, laziness and so on. These negative attitudes result in time lost to production, breaks in smooth running of production and these affect the quality of work
3. Illiteracy: There are many people who are illiterates in Ghana. It has been estimated that about 50% Ghanaian children of school going age do not attend school. Illiterate population cannot easily adopt modern technology and scientific methods of farming to increase output
4. Political instability: The frequent changes of government by the military and ethnic conflicts do not make the economy to grow. New governments tend to discontinue the plans of the government they replace. Ghana has had about three changes of government through coup d'états and these adversely affected the nation's development
5. Lack of capital: Capital in the form of machines, equipment and others are limited. Since we do not have the technology or cannot buy the machines which we can use to exploit our natural resources, the economy cannot grow
6. Lack of effective supervision: There is lack of effective supervision in the public sector. Supervision in the economy particularly in the government sector is very poor and workers loiter about, converse and work lotto thereby wasting working hours which could have been used to increase productivity to grow the economy