a)

Achievements of Dr. Kwame Nkrumah

1. He led Ghana to attain her independence from the colonial masters
2. He constructed the Tema motorway and townships
3. He constructed the Adomi Bridge
4. He started the Akosombo Dam in 1961 and completed it in 1965
5. He introduced irrigation farming particularly for rice and sugar cultivation at Komenda and Asutuare
6. He built the Tema Harbour
7. He played a major role in the formation of the Organization of African Unity (OAU)
8. He introduced the compulsory and free-tuition primary education including the free text-books scheme
9. He established several institutions of higher learning such as Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology at Kumasi in 1952 and Cape Coast University in 1962 at Cape Coast
10. He built new hospitals such as Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital in Kumasi and Effia Nkwanta Hospital at Secondi Takoradi
11. He established the University of Ghana Medical School at Korle-Bu in Accra

b)

Reasons that led to the overthrow of Dr. Kwame Nkrumah

1. He introduced a one party state by making the CPP autonomous which brought about chaos and anarchy (confusions and misunderstandings) in the country
2. There was the impression that he had a dictatorship government, delegating powers and posts to only members of his Convention Peoples Party (CPP)
3. It was believed that he was mismanaging the nation's finances for instance it was believed that he gave ten million pounds (£10,000,000) to Guinea to fight for her independence
4. His government suffered bribery, corruption and mismanagement
5. With the introduction of Preventive Detention Act, he maltreated and seduced people who opposed him
6. Some of his foreign policies distanced him from some international leaders who worked out for his overthrow
7. Because of the preferential treatment given to his body guards (Presidential Owned Guard Regiment, POG), the regular army became resentful and dissatisfied

a)

Reasons why Ghana should be self-reliant

1. To avoid over-dependent on other countries
2. To protect the sovereignty of the state
3. To make proper utilization of natural resources
4. To make proper use of human resources
5. To preserve, conserve and reserve foreign exchange
6. Improve balance of trade/payment
7. To develop human resource

b)

Measures that can make Ghana self-reliant

1. Less depend on foreign loans and aid/stop looking constantly for help
2. Use our own expertise to solve our own problems
3. Conserve and replace our renewable resources such as forest
4. Use our own resources for development
5. Training and retraining of our own skilled personnel
6. Process and manufacture our own goods
7. Patronize made in Ghana products
8. Improve agriculture
9. Efficient management of our resources
10. Control rapid population growth
11. Promotion of private sector initiative

a)

Negative effects of rapid population growth on the development of Ghana

1. Migration

2. Pressure on natural resources or high cost of land

3. Reduction in capital formation

4. Environmental degradation

5. High dependency ratio

6. Inadequate medical care

7. Lower standard of living or low per-capita income

8. High cost of living

9. Environmental pollution

10. High rate of unemployment

11. Poverty

12. Increase in crime rate

13. Increase in social vices

14. Over crowding or congestion

15. Pressure on social amenities

16. Slums

17. High government expenditure

18. Social unrest

b)

Ways by which rapid population growth can be reduced in Ghana

1. Family planning

2. Making laws to control early marriage

3. Increasing gender equality

4. Encouraging relatively late marriages

5. Education on adequate spacing of children

6. Check on immigrantions – nationals from other countries

7. Economic empowerment of women

8. Tax relief for small households

9. Discouraging polygamy

10. Promoting girl-child education

11. Government policies

12. Intensifying education on adolescent reproductive health

a)

b)

Effects of superstitious beliefs in Ghana

1. Allows human right abuse
2. Slows/retards development/progress
3. Prevents scientific growth and development
4. Brings extreme/irrational fear
5. Brings conflict between society
6. Brings conflict between family members
7. Creates mistrust among individuals in a community
8. Discourages one from seeking appropriate solutions to problems
9. Creates tension in society as people are wrongly accused of witchcraft
10. Retards development initiatives
11. Encourages rest
12. Helps to maintain law and order
13. Promotes environmental conservation and protection
14. Controls spread of communicable or contagious diseases
15. Promotes outmoded cultural practices
16. Prevents people from being wicked to others
17. Lots of money is spent on purification rites and sacrifices
18. Prevents crime
19. Does not lead to critical thinking or scientific thinking