a)

Types of rainfall experienced in Ghana

1. Convectional
2. Relief/Orographic
3. Cyclonic/frontal

b)

Convectional Rainfall

1. The heating of the land surface causes evaporation of warm moist
2. The warm moist air becomes light and it is forced to rise by convection currents
3. The moist air becomes cooler in the upper atmosphere
4. The moist air condenses and forms cumulus rain clouds
5. With further cooling, cumulus clouds develop into cumulonimbus clouds
6. Heavy rain often accompanied by thunder and lightning falls
7. Hailstones may fall
8. Convectional rainfall occurs mostly in the afternoon

Relief/Orographic Rainfall

1. Warm moist air from the sea, lake or any water body blows against a highland barrier
2. The air formed is rise above the highland
3. The air becomes cooler in the upper atmosphere
4. The air is condensed to form cumulus clouds
5. With further cooling the cumulus clouds develop into cumulonimbus clouds
6. Much rain falls on the windward side of the highland
7. Very little rain falls on the leeward side of the highland

Cyclonic/frontal Rainfall

1. Cold air mass and warm air meets at a front
2. The cold air mass sinks because it is denser/heavier
3. The warm air mass rises over the cold air mass
4. The warm air mass rises into the upper atmosphere
5. It condenses to form cumulus clouds
6. Further cooling of the clouds causes the formation of cumulonimbus clouds
7. Rain falls ahead of the cold front
8. It falls in showers
9. It covers a wide area

a)

Aims of the Organization of African Unity (OAU)

1. Promotion of unity and solidarity among member states
2. Removal of all forms of colonialism and the neo-colonialism in Africa
3. Defence: To defend the sovereignty and independence of African states
4. Respect: To respect the independent status of every member state
5. Promotion of international co-operation among African states and other states within the framework of the United Nations Organization
6. To work towards a better standard of living in Africa
7. To protect the rights and freedoms of African citizens

b)

Problems facing the Organization of African Unity (OAU)

1. Lack of a common language which hinders the development of a true sense of unity
2. Political upheaval and coup d'états in most African countries. These affect decision making in the organization. New leaders lack the political will to obey the rules of the organization
3. Distrust among member states due to political and ideological differences
4. The absence of a standing army to enforce/implement political decisions, especially in times of civil wars and conflicts
5. Financial constraints resulting from failure of some member states to pay dues or contributions on time
6. Inter-state border disputes between some member countries such as Ethiopia and Sudan, Mauritania and Morocco posed great challenge to the organization in conflict resolution
7. Lack of economic freedom as a result of allegiance owed to colonial masters by African nations. This most often made it impossible for them to unilaterally take decisions on trade, politics and general administration of the respective countries. Francophone countries in Africa are typical examples

a)

Qualities that made Osei Tutu a good ruler of the Asantes

1. Experience: He had understudied the chiefs and rulers of Akwamu and Denkyira and was experienced in ruling
2. Unity: Together with Okomfo Anokye, he united all the people of Asante
3. Intelligence and courage: He ruled with intelligence and courage and he was a skillful warrior
4. Selflessness: He had the virtue of selflessness
5. Honesty: He was honest

b)

Things Osei Tutu did to keep the Asantes united

1. The introduction of the Odwira festival kept the Asante united as one people
2. Delegation of powers: Osei Tutu delegated positions such as the left wing (Benkum-hene), rear guard (Kyidom-hene) and right guard (Nifa-hene) to chiefs outside the Oyoko clan
3. New capital: He made Kumasi as the new capital for the Asante Kingdom
4. Setting up strong army: He set up national army to deter enemies of the kingdom
5. The Golden Stool: With the help of Okomfo Anokye, he gave his people a golden stool which served as a symbol of unity

a)

Features of the rain forest

1. The forest is evergreen throughout the year with broad leaves
2. The forest is arranged in layers
3. The trees are tall and straight
4. There are many lianas and/or woody climbers which twist around trees
5. The trees have inter-locking canopies
6. Dead leaves, trees and fungi are common in the undergrowth
7. The trees are not found in pure stands
8. The trees have thin barks with buttress roots

b)

Benefits of the rain forest

1. Provides timber exported for foreign exchange
2. Provides timber for construction and furniture
3. Provides raw materials for crafts e.g. cane for basket and wood for carving
4. Provides bark, roots and leaves for preparation of herbal medicine
5. Provides habitat for wild animals e.g. elephants, monkeys, lions, etc.
6. Protects sources of many rivers and keeps them from drying up
7. Provides food e.g. fruits, wild yam
8. Provides the condition for the cultivation of certain crops such as cocoa, cola, rubber, etc.
9. Serves as source of employment for chain-saw operators, farmers, etc.
10. Serves as tourist attractions e.g. Kakum Forest Reserves, the Big Tree near Akim Oda
11. Serves as source of fuel wood and charcoal

a)

b)

1. Providing storage facilities

2. processing raw resource.

3. Provision of irritation

4. Using of modern technology

5. disease and pest control

6. A simple means of raising capital through a loan

7.improving the land tenure system