a & b)

a)

Gentle slope: The land form of gentle slope rises gradually from the ground to the top. The slope is always gentle in nature and it is sometimes referred to as slope with contour lines spaced apart.

b)

Steep slope: Contour lines that indicated steep slope are closely packed to show that the land form they represent rises more rapidly.

c)

Concave slope: It is a type of slope of a highland which starts gently but becomes steep from the mid portion to the summit. Its contours are widely spread at first on the ground (at the lower part) and gradually become close as it rises above the sea level.

d)

Convex slope: It is a slope in which the land is steep at first on the lower ground and gradually becomes more gentle on the higher level. The contours of the convex are closely packed at the beginning and then widened as the land rises higher.

(a)

Types of agricultural practices in Ghana

1. Land rotation
2. Shifting cultivation
3. Mixed farming
4. Mixed cropping

(b)

1. Land rotation

Advantages

i. The land becomes fertile when left to fallow
ii. The farmer has fewer problems of pest and disease

Disadvantages

i. Virgin forests are destroyed
ii. Cultivation each year gives the farmer a hell of work

2. Shifting Cultivation

Advantages

i. The land becomes fertile again during the fallow period without the use of fertilizer or little fertilizer is used
ii. It reduces disease build-up in the farm

Disadvantages

i. It destroys the virgin forest
ii. It cannot be practised in places where land is scarce

3. Mixed farming

Advantages

i. Different crops are grown on the same piece of land
ii. The farmer is assured of regular income from both animals and crops growth
iii. Animals droppings are used to fertilize the land
iv. Animals can be fed with surplus or by-products of crops

Disadvantages

i. It is expensive
ii. The farmer needs much skill to manage his crops and animals
iii. The farmer has very little or no rest throughout the year
iv. The crops can be destroyed by the farm animals

4. Mixed cropping

Advantages

i. The farmer obtains most of his crops from his farm
ii. The dense cover of the leaves of crops protects the soil surface from being eroded

Disadvantages

i. Improper spacing may lead to shading of crops
ii. There is likely competition for water, space, nutrients and light among the various crops

a)

b)

Types of rocks

1. Igneous rocks
2. Sedimentary rocks
3. Metamorphic rocks

c)

Importance of rocks

1. Tourist Attraction: The shapes and layers of some rocks are so wonderful and beautiful that they sometimes serve as tourist attraction. An example is the umbrella rocks at Boti Falls
2. Source of Minerals: Minerals like gold, diamond and coal are obtained from rocks
3. Building and Construction: Rocks like igneous and metamorphic are used in building houses, constructing of bridges, dams, roads and sea ports
4. Sources of water: The source of underground water supply depends largely on the nature of rocks. An example is spring wells. Water can be obtained from the ground by constructing a well to reach the aquifer
5. Source of salt: Certain rocks contain salt which are mostly used by people living far from the coastal areas. One can be found at Daboya in Northern Ghana
6. Making of ornaments
7. Production of glass
8. Formation of soil
9. Production of cement, gravel, chippings, etc.
10. Habitat for wildlife

a)

Relief/Orographic Rainfall

1. Warm moist air from the sea, lake or any water body blows against a highland barrier such as a mountain
2. The air formed is rise above the highland
3. The air becomes cooler in the upper atmosphere
4. The air is condensed to form cumulus clouds
5. With further cooling the cumulus clouds develop into cumulonimbus clouds
6. Much rain falls on the windward side of the highland
7. Very little rain falls on the leeward side of the highland

b)

Areas in Ghana which experiences relief rainfall

1. Aburi - Akuapem (Akwapim - Togoland ranges)
2. Kusa area near Formena, Atiwa Range
3. Kwahu Range
4. Parts of Volta Region (Amedzofe area)
5. Asante Mampong area (Ashanti Region)

c)

Benefits of rainfall

1. Domestic uses (washing of clothes, drinking, cooking, etc.)
2. Helping to cool the weather
3. Helping farmers to plant their crops
4. Making the grass to grow to provide food for animals
5. Providing water for use in the dry season (irrigation)