a)

Human activities which have negatively affected God's beautiful creation

1. Cutting down/felling trees indiscriminately for fuel: This can lead to loss of useful vegetation and desertification
2. Bush burning: This pollutes the air with carbon monoxide which is harmful to living organisms
3. Uncontrolled mining: This activity destroys the landscape and makes it difficult to cultivate food crops on the land
4. The use of chemicals such as D.D.T for fishing: This destroys other living organisms in water bodies
5. Indiscriminate sand winning: The uncontrolled winning (mining / collection) of sand from beaches or coastal areas degrades the land and destroys the beaches
6. Overgrazing: Allowing cattle and other animals to feed on vegetation at a place for a very long time makes the vegetation get depleted
7. Disposal of solid and liquid waste in water bodies: Solid and liquid wastes dumped in water bodies such as rivers, lagoons, seas, pollute them and kill fishes and other flora (plant life) and fauna (animal life)
8. Indiscriminate disposal of refuse: Some people throw refuse about haphazardly. This pollutes the environment and promotes the spread of diseases
9. Excessive use of fertilizers and pesticides: This pollutes both the land and water bodies into which runoff flows
10. Crude oil spillage: Crude oil sometimes accidentally gets spilled onto the sea from oil tankers or from oil rigs. This causes pollution of the sea
11. Release of toxic gases from industries: Certain manufacturing industries release poisonous gases into the atmosphere. This causes air pollution
12. Smoking of cigarettes, marijuana, etc.: Fumes from the smoking of cigarettes, marijuana, etc., contain toxic substances that pollute the air
13. Excessive dust from sites: The construction of roads and buildings, mining, quarrying and other such activities release dust into the atmosphere which pollute the air.

b)

Ways by which one can protect God's creation

1. Avoid polluting the air with smoke and other toxic (poisonous) gases
2. Preserve the forest by educating people about the effects of excessive felling of trees
3. Mobilize members of the community to embark on tree planting exercise
4. Avoid indiscriminate bush burning in order to conserve wild life
5. Avoid using chemicals for fishing
6. Ensuring proper disposal of refuse/ solid and liquid waste
7. Campaigning for refuse / solid and liquid waste to be recycled
8. Proposing the making and enforcement of laws to prevent human activities that cause environmental degradation
9. Requesting for the setting up of government agencies to control the activities of miners, sand winners and other potential polluters of the environment
10. Encouraging miners, farmers, fishermen, etc. to use appropriate methods for their activities
11. Reporting persons or companies that destroy the environment to the appropriate authorities for them to be arrested and prosecuted
12. Helping with public education on protection of the environment
13. Checking erosion by terracing, ridging, planting cover crops and wind brakes

a)

Importance of naming ceremony

1. It is performed to welcome a new child formally into a family
2. It gives recognition/identity to a child as a human being
3. Blessing is sought from the Supreme Being, lesser gods and ancestors for the child and the family
4. A child is named after ancestors to enable him/her copy and imitate their virtuous qualities
5. The ceremony strengthens the rich culture of the people
6. To perpetuate the family name/keep the family name from extinction
7. To promote social integration by bringing family members and friends together
8. The occasion provides opportunity to give financial support to the child's parents
9. It reaffirms the important value in the community
10. It introduces the child to the good moral values such as truthfulness and hard work
11. It promotes unity and solidarity in the community
12. It gives legitimacy to the child

b)

Factors that can be considered when choosing a name for a child

1. The week day on which the child was born
2. The family name to be given to the child
3. The occasion/period/circumstance within which the child was born e.g. sacred days etc.
4. If they are twin or triplets etc.
5. Sex of the child, whether male or female
6. Order of birth e.g. Mansah, Mensah, Nkrumah, Foli, Dzako, Anani, Anum, etc.
7. Religious affiliation/faith
8. Tribal/ethnic affiliation
9. Ancestral name depending on good moral character
10. Names given to express love, appreciation to fulfilment of a vow
11. Name to be adopted e.g. names of chiefs/renowned persons
12. Special by-names associated with week-day names e.g. Kwaku Bonsam, Yaw Preko, etc.

a)

How Wudu (ablution) is performed in Islam

1. Wash the hands to the wrist three times, the right hand first and then the left hand
2. Rinse the mouth with water three times
3. Clean out the nostrils thoroughly with water three times
4. Wash the face three times
5. Wash the fore-arms up to the elbows three times
6. With wet hands, wipe the head from the fore head backward and forward
7. Clean the inside and the outside of the ears with wet fingers and wet thumbs
8. Wash the feet and ankles three times, the right foot first then the left foot

b)

Importance of Wudu (ablution)

1. Salat/prayer without ablution is not valid/prepare the person for prayers
2. Ablution purifies the Muslim for him to approach the throne of Allah
3. It is a sign of respect/reverence to one's creator
4. It is a ritual cleansing of the soul, heart and body from impurity
5. It makes a Muslim holy and spiritual
6. It inculcates the habit of cleanliness/good health

a)

Reasons students give for abusing drugs

1. Ignorance: People abuse drugs out of ignorance
2. Peer influence: Students abuse drugs due to peer pressure
3. The economic stress situations, such as unemployment and poverty may encourage student to abuse drugs so that they can forget their problems
4. Emotional stress situation: Students abuse drugs so that they can control emotion such as shyness, anger, etc.
5. Refusal to stick to medical advice: Some students refuse to seek the advice of a qualified medical practitioner in order that they may do self-medication
6. Immoral living: Students abuse drugs in order that they will engage in evil acts
7. Relief of boredom: Some students abuse drugs so as to ward off boredom
8. Curiosity: The tendency to abuse a drug may also be due to the desire to experience its effects
9. Advertisement: Advertisements on radio, television and other media encourage students to buy and use the drugs without medical approval
10. Rebellion against authority: Students resort to illegal drugs to enable them become bold and fearless so that they may rebel against authority
11. Broken homes: The absence of parents can lead to students abusing drugs
12. For high academic achievement: Students think that certain drugs can help them stay awake and study late into the night so that they can perform well in exams
13. Lack of recreational activities and facilities can lead to the abuse of drugs
14. Lack of self-control/self-discipline: Some students abuse drugs simply because they are unable to control their desires
15. Maturity/Independence
16. Enhancing their self-esteem/image

b)

Effects of substance abuse

1. Health issues (It damages brain/madness)
2. It causes mood swing
3. It causes physical changes to the body
4. It stimulates frustration and danger
5. It causes marriages to breakdown
6. Loss of employment
7. Imprisonment
8. Loss of respect
9. Loss of relationship
10. School dropout/Teenage Pregnancy
11. Homelessness
12. Financial problems for both the state and individual
13. It causes death
14. Social vices
15. Reduces productivity

a)

Processes involved in showing repentance

1. Acknowledgement: Realizing one's fault or wrong action as sinner or wrong doer and accepting full responsibility for one's actions
2. Regret: Showing regret/remorse for doing wrong or for the bad deeds done
3. Pardon: Request for pardon/forgiveness. Approach the one you have wronged and humbly apologize
4. Cease: Avoid doing the wrong thing again. Need not to repeat such deeds
5. Sorry: Learning to say "sorry" or "I am sorry"
6. Follow Religion: Living in accordance with the wishes of one's object of worship
7. The guilty person must offer compensation to the offended person where necessary
8. In the case of stealing, the offender must return/restore the stolen items, if possible

b)

Reasons for showing regret for one's wrong deeds

1. Leads to reconciliation. It helps to repair broken relationship with God, man and community members
2. Promotes unity and peace. When one regrets for his/her wrong deeds enmity is eroded which helps to ensure peace and unity
3. Enables one to receive forgiveness/pardon. After regretting and accepting one's fault one is assured to receive forgiveness
4. Saves a person from eternal punishment. One is saved from everlasting destruction and punishment
5. Saves one from sin. Showing regret for one's wrong deeds means that one's wrongful acts have been forgiven
6. Promotes progress and development. It helps family members to work together as a team to ensure progress in the family
7. Attracts both material and spiritual blessing
8. Leads to trust in the individual
9. Leads to confidence i.e. we can easily approach the person we have wronged without any guilt
10. Helps to reduce conflict/self destruction

a)

Comportment is the way a person behaves/conducts himself/herself in society to bring honour to one and the society.

b)

Ways of showing comportment in school

1. Control of temper in the face of provocation
2. Paying attention in class
3. Being patient all the time / not rushing when doing things
4. Tolerating / respecting the views of others
5. Behaving well during sporting activities – not fighting / insulting others
6. Not shouting or making noise in the school
7. Showing respect to colleagues, teachers and parents
8. Not littering the school compound with rubbish
9. Frowning upon bad behaviour by others
10. Showing approval for good behaviour
11. Not fighting or insulting friends
12. Doing things that are morally appropriate
13. Taking part in school activities
14. Decent dressing
15. Decent language
16. Good eating habits in school
17. Consciously abide by all school rules and regulations

a)

Human rights are the claims of individuals and citizens which are supported by law. These rights can be national or individual.

b)

Forms of human rights

1. The right to life
2. The right to vote in an election
3. The right to join or form a political party
4. The right to have a legal aid in court
5. The right to personal liberty
6. The right to education
7. The right to owning private property
8. The right to equality
9. The right to dignity
10. Freedom of expression
11. Freedom of association
12. Freedom of worship/religion

a)

Bribery and corruption is the act of giving someone money or something valuable in order to entice/influence the person to do dishonest/illegal things.

b)

Effects of bribery and corruption

1. It leads to diversion of public funds and retards government efforts for development
2. It leads to execution of shoddy or poor standard of work
3. It leads to inefficiency and low productivity
4. It leads to overstaffing
5. It leads to employment of unqualified people leaving qualified people unemployed
6. It tarnishes the image of the country before the international community
7. It affects revenue generation for the government
8. It creates unfavourable business environment
9. It undermines the rule of law
10. It increases cost of doing business
11. It creates conflict and misunderstanding among individuals
12. It widens the gap between the rich and the poor
13. It increases crime
14. People tend to lose confidence in public institutions such as the security services (police service), ministries and other government agencies
15. It destroys the moral fibre of society