a)

Jesus' teaching on salt and light in the Sermon on the Mount

1. Jesus said the disciples are the salt of the earth
2. If such a salt has lost its taste, it cannot be restored
3. Such a salt becomes useless and can only be thrown away and walked upon
4. Jesus continued that the disciples are the light of the world
5. A city set on a hill cannot be hidden
6. No man lights a lantern and puts it under a bushel (i.e. to hide it)
7. It is rather placed on a stand to give light to all
8. Jesus said let your light shine before men
9. People may see your good works and give glory to your Father who is in Heaven

b)

Lessons that could be learnt from the use of salt

1. Salt is a symbol of leadership
2. Salt is a preservative - Christian must help prevent sin/evil in society
3. Salt gives taste to food/for seasoning. The disciples must make life better and enjoyable to others
4. Disciples must avoid half-heartedness since they can lose their effectiveness like adulterated salt

Lessons that could be learnt from the use of light

1. Light is a symbol of leadership
2. Light drives away darkness and helps in showing the way
3. As leaders, Christians should lead people to know God
4. They should draw people out of darkness into the light
5. They are not to hide but to serve as God's ambassadors to humankind

a)

The five daily prayers offered by Muslims

1. Fajr (at dawn)
2. Zuhr (at noon)
3. Asr (after noon)
4. Maghrib (at sunset)
5. Isha (evening)

b)

Reasons why prayer is important to the Muslim

1. It strengthens the bond between man and Allah
2. It enables him/her to confess his/her sins to Allah and ask for forgiveness
3. It helps in the person's spiritual growth and development
4. It enables the person to show appreciation/thank Allah for what He has done for him/her
5. The person feels secured and protected against the devil/enemies when he prays to Allah
6. To receive spiritual strength/power to face the realities of life
7. It helps him to get closer to Allah/communicate with Allah
8. To ask for their needs
9. It cleanses the heart of the individual
10. It leads to prosperity
11. It makes the individual refrain from indecency
12. It prevents mankind from acting on their own selfish desires

a)

Causes of death

1. Old age
2. Sickness
3. Hunger and poverty
4. Accidents e.g. fire outbreaks, gas explosions, slipping on the floor etc.
5. Suicide
6. Natural disasters e.g. earthquakes, tsunamis, floods, etc.
7. Wars
8. Fighting
9. Punishment: Firing squad, from the gods, etc.
10. Abortion
11. Murder
12. Alcohol and drug abuse

b)

Reasons why death rites are performed

1. To pay last respects / honour and say farewell to the dead
2. To separate the dead from this world and initiate them into the spirit world / the world of the dead
3. To encourage people to lead good lives while on earth
4. To assist the dead to be promoted to the level of ancestors
5. To exhibit the culture / customs of the people
6. To strengthen the bond of unity among family members, friends, colleagues and other sympathizers
7. To collect donations to help the dependents / family of the dead
8. It creates an opportunity for distant relations to come back / visit home
9. It promotes the cleaning and tidying up of homes and communities
10. It helps the family, friends and loved ones to cope with the death of their beloved
11. It creates an opportunity for potential marriage couples to identify themselves
12. It is an occasion for remembering the dead

a)

Types of punishment

1. Corporal punishment (caning)
2. Fines
3. Imprisonment
4. Reprimand/Scolding
5. Suspension
6. Banishment
7. Bad testimonials
8. Dismissal
9. Cancellation of examination results
10. Capital punishment
11. Caution/warning
12. Weeding/scrubbing
13. Denying an individual something he/she cherishes

b)

Reasons why pupils are punished in schools

1. For protection: The offender/perpetrator is removed from the society/imprisonment to protect him and the community
2. For deterrence: Punishment is meant to deter people from crime
3. For reformation: To reform/reshape character of the criminal
4. For retribution: Making the offender suffer for his/her actions
5. To maintain law and order
6. To learn from their mistakes
7. To vindicate the righteous/law abiding person

a)

Good deeds that merit a reward

1. When one puts up a good behaviour
2. When one offers assistance to a person in need
3. When one puts up a good performance in an examination
4. When one co-operates with others for a good cause
5. Giving your own food or money to a beggar and living without food or money yourself
6. Helping the teachers to collect books without being asked
7. Running errands for an elderly person without payment
8. Helping to teach someone something he/she does not understand/know
9. Helping to keep the communal areas clean/tidy
10. Taking care of the environment, planting trees, being careful with water supplies
11. Handing in to the authorities any amount of money that one finds
12. Making sure that younger children return home safely from school
13. Picking up litter when someone else drops it and disposing of it safely
14. Punctuality at school/work

b)

Effects of rewards

1. It encourages others to work harder/behave properly
2. It makes people feel elated and recognized
3. It encourages people especially the youth to be morally upright
4. Rewards spur weaker people to buck up in order to have better results
5. It shows one's gratitude/appreciation for good performance
6. A person may become swollen headed and may become complacent
7. It can promote bribery and corruption
8. Rewards can make people lose their value when they are not properly used
9. When a particular child is constantly rewarded others can hate and envy him/her and that can lead to division
10. It attracts God's blessing

a)

Forms of greetings in your community

1. Verbal expression
2. Bowing
3. Waving
4. Saluting
5. Handshake
6. Hugging
7. Lying prostrate on the ground (face down)
8. Squatting
9. Greetings associated with one's job
10. Greeting someone while he is eating
11. Greetings associated with one's tribe/religion
12. Greetings associated with occasions e.g. Christmas, Easter, etc.
13. Greetings associated with sex (male or female)
14. Greetings associated with one's position/status

b)

Moral benefits that can be derived from greeting

1. To meet cultural expectations
2. To shows that the person is respectful, disciplined and humble
3. It is a sign of good training, upbringing and being cultured
4. It brings peace and unity among people
5. It promotes friendship and good relationship between people living in a community
6. It attracts the good will of the whole community
7. It paves the way for help from people
8. It attracts blessings from God and elders
9. Correct greetings remove fear and suspicion between people
10. It is a social responsibility and expected cultural practice
11. It helps to start conversation
12. It is a means to show respect to others
13. It creates tolerance
14. It gradually erodes hatred and enmity between people
15. It creates opportunity to socialize

a)

The nuclear family system

1. The nuclear family system consists of the father, the mother and the children
2. The father is the head of the family
3. The size of the family is very small
4. The father is responsible for the growth and welfare of the family

b)

Advantages of the nuclear family system

1. There is limited/no interference from the extended family
2. Parents are able to provide for the needs of the family as members are few
3. It is easier to discuss problems or issues within the family
4. Pressure on family resources is not so much
5. This system encourages independent living and hard work
6. Decisions are quickly taken
7. Communication is easy and effective
8. Members see themselves as one people
9. Almost all members have a share in the family property
10. Children are closely monitored by their parents
11. Certain negative practices coming from outside are reduced

Disadvantages of the nuclear family system

1. Enemies can easily attack the household because they are few
2. In the absence of parents, children can go wayward
3. Member's social life will be affected as movement is restricted
4. Members will lack moral and spiritual support from others
5. Members do not benefit from the experience and wisdom of the extended family members
6. In the absence of parents, children may find it difficult getting their daily bread
7. The family image is destroyed if a member has bad moral behaviour
8. There is no financial help from the extended family
9. Members do not get guidance and protection from extended family
10. When the parents have bad morals, the children are affected too
11. Members may not know their kinsmen properly
12. There is the tendency of forgetting one's mother tongue if parents do not encourage the children to speak
13. Members may not know their hometowns if they stay too long in the cities

a)

Leisure means being free from normal activity.

OR

Leisure time is a time that one is free from his/her usual work.

OR

Leisure time is a break from normal work.

OR

Leisure is a break from school in a form of vacation.

OR

Leisure time is a time for engaging in hobbies, recreational activities like football, excursion, etc.

OR

Leisure is the constructive use of time.

OR

Leisure is also called "spare time".

OR

Leisure is not idling, which is wasting time doing nothing.

b)

Reasons why leisure is important to people

1. To avoid accidents. Working all time without rest can lead to dangerous accidents
2. Getting time to attend to minor activities
3. To restore the lost energy and strength. To energize one's effect to work hard, one needs leisure time to relax and regain the lost strength
4. The need to rest. If the body becomes tired and does not rest, it may fall sick
5. Gaining additional experience. Additional experience is gained when leisure time is used profitably. E.g. swimming, playing games, hunting, gardening, etc.
6. It is natural to recess from normal work
7. Serves as an opportunity to visit friends and relatives or tourist sites
8. It is time for relaxation (doing away with stress)
9. Visiting the library and reading helps to acquire more information
10. It helps in exercising the body
11. It is time for medication and studying of scriptures