Characteristics of image formed by a plane mirror

1. The image formed by a plane mirror is virtual and erect.
2. The image formed by a plane mirror is of the same size as the object.
3. The image is formed behind the mirror and the distance of the image from the mirror is equal to the distance of the object from the mirror.

Distance between the object and the image = Object distance + mage distance
Distance between the object and the image = 20 cm + 20 cm = 40 cm

Positive part must be connected to the negative part and negative to positive.

The energy of the sun is the original source of most of the energy found on earth. We get solar heat energy from the sun, and sunlight can also be used to produce electricity from solar (photovoltaic) cells. The sun heats the earth's surface and the Earth heats the air above it, causing wind.

Kinetic energy is the energy which a body possesses by virtue of being in motion.

Energy is define as the ability to do work. Electricity is a form of energy (Electrical Energy).

Work done = Force x Distance moved
Force = 2N
Distance = 10 m
Work done = 2 N x 10 m
Work done = 20 J

Load Distance: is the distance between the pivot (fulcrum) and the load
Effort Distance: Is the distance between the pivot (fulcrum) and the effort

Mechanical Advantage = $\frac{\mathrm{Effort\; Distance}}{\mathrm{Load\; Distance}}$

Load Distance: is the distance between the pivot (fulcrum) and the load
Effort Distance: Is the distance between the pivot (fulcrum) and the effort

Since the effort distance (Y) is the numerator in the mechanical advantage formula, the greater it is than the load distance (X), the greater the mechanical advantage and the better the efficiency of the machine/lever.

The liver is the largest solid organ in the body. It removes toxins from the body’s blood supply, maintains healthy blood sugar levels, regulates blood clotting, and performs hundreds of other vital functions. It is located beneath the rib cage in the right upper abdomen.

Key Facts
1. The liver filters all of the blood in the body and breaks down poisonous substances, such as alcohol and drugs.
2. The liver also produces bile, a fluid that helps digest fats and carry away waste.

Respiration Equation

C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ → 6H₂O + 6CO₂ + ATP (Energy)

Glucose + Oxygen → Water + Carbon dioxide + Energy

Increasing order of contamination means from the least contaminated to the most contaminated

Solution is a homogenous mixture of solute and solvent.

The solute is the substance that is being dissolved, while the solvent is the dissolving medium.

A saturated solution can be defined as a solution in which a solvent is not capable of dissolving any more solute at a given temperature.

A dilute solution contains a small amount of solute in a large amount of solvent.

A concentrated solution contains a large amount of solute dissolved in a small amount of solvent.

Ideally sulphur shares 4 of it's electron with oxygen in a covalent bond so there won't be any charge in this case. But in the sense that sulphur donates 4 of it's electron to oxygen so that each of the two oxygens' configuration can be stable (2,8), then it can be said to be +4.

Note: The atomic number of Oxygen is 8, hence its electronic configuration for a neutral Oxygen will be 2,6 (missing 2 electrons to be stable, thus to complete the 8 electrons which is suppose to be the total number of electrons in the second, third, fourth etc. shells).

Humus

Humus is dark, organic material that forms in soil when plant and animal matter decays. When plants drop leaves, twigs, and other material to the ground, it piles up. This material is called leaf litter. When animals die, their remains add to the litter.

It is a kind of soil organic matter. It is rich in nutrients and retains moisture in the soil.

Plasmodium is the parasite that cause malaria in humans.

Why the male mosquitoes cannot transmit malaria

The biting female Anopheles mosquito may carry malaria. Male mosquitoes do not bite so cannot transmit malaria or other diseases. The adult females are generally short-lived, with only a small proportion living long enough (more than 10 days in tropical regions) to transmit malaria.

Anemometer → Wind Speed
Barometer → Atmospheric Pressure
Hygrometer → Humidity
Hydrometer → Density of liquids

steel is an alloy of iron and carbon

Metals used to make ornaments have low reactivity so they rarely corrode and hence do not lose their shine and lustre.

Adaptations of fish

1. They have a streamlined body shape to help reduce water resistance
2. Fishes have gills to respire underwater
3. Fishes have scales and mucous on their bodies to make them waterproof and reduce water resistance while swimming

Density = $\frac{\mathrm{Mass}}{\mathrm{Volume}}$

Mass = 35.0 g
Volume = 5.0 cm³

Density = $\frac{35}{5}$ = 7 g cm^-3

The oxygen in inhaled air passes across the thin lining of the air sacs and into the blood vessels. This is known as diffusion. The oxygen in the blood is then carried around the body in the bloodstream, reaching every cell.