i)

Black pod

ii)

Fungus/Phytophthora

iii)

Systems of disease

1. Beads/pod becomes black
2. Brown spores/spots/patches
3. Powdery spores
4. Black patches/spots

iv)

Farm practices that promote disease

1. Leaving farm weedy/bushy
2. Excessive shading of plants
3. Planting infected seedlings/seeds
4. Poor field sanitation/hygiene
5. Use of infected tools/equipment on farm
6. Overcrowding of plants

v)

Practices to control disease

1. Remove/burn infected/infested pods
2. Weed regularly
3. Spray pods with recommended fungicide/recommended chemical
4. Remove excess shade
5. Prune (diseased) branches/Pruning

i)

a = 2.0 cm
b = 4.0 cm
c = 5.0 cm

ii)

Area = Length x Breadth

Area for face A

Area = a x b
Area = 2 cm x 4 cm = 8.0 cm²

Area for face B

Area = b x c
Area = 4 cm x 5 cm = 20.0 cm²

iii)

Pressure = $\frac{\mathrm{Force}}{\mathrm{Area}}$

Force = 100N

iv)

When area is small, pressure is high/when area is large, pressure is small

OR

Pressure and area are inversely proportional.

i)

A → Molar/premolar
B → Canine
C → Incisor

ii)

Functions of A (Molar/Premolar)

1. For grinding
2. For crushing
3. For chewing

Functions of B (Canine)

1. For stabbing
2. For tearing
3. For piercing

Functions of C (Incisor)

1. For cutting
2. For biting

iii)

Differences between A (Molar/premolar) and B(Canine)

iv)

Ways of ensuring proper dental care

1. Regular visit to the dentist
2. Regular brushing of teeth
3. Avoiding excessive intake of sugary food
4. Eating food rich in vegetables
5. Eating a lot of fruits
6. Eating food rich in calcium
7. Using the teeth for the right purpose
8. Avoid eating too hot/too cold foods

i)

I → Retort/clamp stand
II → Thermometer
III → Condenser
IV → Water/distilled water

ii)

(Simple) distillation

iii)

Functions of II (Thermometer)

Measures the temperature at which the mixture (sea water) boils/measures the temperature of water vapour above the mixture/measures the temperature within the flask.

Functions of III (Condenser)

Used to cool the vapour/condense the vapour/changes the vapour to water.

iv)

Physical processes involved in the method of separation

1. Boiling/heating
2. Vapourization/vaporization/evaporation
3. Condensation

i)

Technology is the application of scientific knowledge in a practical way.

OR

Technology is the practical use of scientific discovery/knowledge in industry.

OR

Technology is scientific knowledge which is used to solve problems.

ii)

Differences between Science and Technology

i)

Chemical → electical → light

ii)

Sound → electrical → sound

i)

Junctions of a transistor

1. Base-emitter
2. Base-collector

ii)

Symbol for n-p-n transistor

i)

Functions of blood

1. Transport
2. Protection/defence
3. Regulation of temperature
4. Aids erection
5. Regulates the pH

ii)

Function of blood vessels

Channels which transport/conduct blood to all parts of the body.

iii)

Function of the heart

Pumps/distributes blood to all parts of the body.

i)

Air → Mixture

ii)

Brass → Mixture

iii)

Chlorine → Element

iv)

Gold → Element

v)

Water → Compound

i)

Physical properties of water

1. Odourless
2. Colourless
3. Tasteless/insipid
4. Freezes at 0^oC
5. Boils at 100^oC
6. Universal solvent
7. Exists in three states
8. Has a density of 1g/cm³ (at 4^oC)
9. It is transparent
10. It has a neutral pH/pH = 7
11. High surface tension

ii)

Why water is neutral

When red litmus paper or blue litmus paper is dropped in a sample of water, there is no change in colour.

i)

Functions of nitrogen in plants

1. For plant growth/vegetative growth
2. Increases yield of straw
3. A constituent of organic compound of plants
4. For plant development
5. Increases seed and fruit production
6. To make proteins
7. To make chlorophyll

ii)

Functions of potassium in plants

1. Plays an important role in plant metabolism
2. Plays an important role in translocation of starch to growing parts
3. Plays an important role in carbohydrate formation
4. Neutralization of organic acids
5. Strengthens straw and stalk of plants
6. Aids absorption of nutrients
7. Helps to reduce diseases in plants
8. Helps to produce quality fruit and promotes seed development
9. Activates enzymes for photosynthesis and respiration
10. Helps build proteins
11. Aids absorption of nutrients

i)

Human activities that disrupt the carbon cycle

1. Destruction of forest/cutting of trees/lumbering
2. Bush burning
3. Burning of fossil fuels

ii)

Effects of the disruption of the carbon cycle on the environment

1. Global warming/rise in temperature/greenhouse effect/affects climate
2. Reduction in oxygen
3. Rise in sea level/flooding/melting of ice
4. Animals/plants become endangered/extinct
5. Prolonged drought
6. Reduction in rainfall

i)

Density is the mass per unit volume of a body

OR

Density = $\frac{\mathrm{Mass}}{\mathrm{Volume}}$

ii)

A body of mass 50kg has a density of 2kg/m³. Calculate the volume of the body.

Density = $\frac{\mathrm{Mass}}{\mathrm{Volume}}$

Density x Volume = Mass

Divide both sides by Density

Volume = $\frac{\mathrm{Mass}}{\mathrm{Density}}$

Mass = 50 kg
Density = 2kg/m³

Volume = $\frac{50}{2}$ = 25 m³

i)

Air pollution is the release of toxic/poisonous substances into the atmosphere.

ii)

Humans activities that lead to air pollution

1. Discharge of gases from factories
2. Smoke from exhaust engines and other machines
3. Smoke from domestic fires
4. Discharge of chloroflourocarbons from aerosol sprays and some refrigerators
5. Bush burning
6. Dust from open cast mining
7. Dust from sand winning and stone quarrying
8. Dust from construction
9. Smoke from cigarette/smoking

i)

Modes of heat transfer

1. Conduction
2. Convection
3. Radiation

ii)

Medium for mode of heat transfer

1. Conduction → Solid
2. Convection → Liquid/gas/fluid
3. Radiation → vacuum/no material medium

i)

Penis

It is used to introduce/discharge sperms into the vagina.

ii)

Ovary

It produces female gametes/sex cells/ova/hormones.

iii)

Oviduct

It is a place where fertilization occurs/passage for the egg released from the ovary to the uterus.

iv)

Testis

Produces sperms/male gametes/sex cells/hormones.

v)

Uterus

Site for implantation/attachment of embryo.

i)

Electrical conductor is any material that will allow electric current through it.

ii)

Insulators

1. Wood
2. Plastic
3. Rubber
4. Mica
5. Porcelain
6. Glass

i)

Oxygen and hydrogens

Hydrogen + Oxygen → Water

OR

Hydrogen + Oxygen → Hydrogen Peroxide

ii)

Nitrogen and hydrogen

Nitrogen + Hydrogen → Ammonia

iii)

Sodium and chlorine

Sodium + Chlorine → Sodium chloride