Light energy is converted into electrical energy.

A flowering plant is simply a plant that produces flowers, and these flowers turn into fruits.

Flowering plants go through several stages: Germination, Pollination, Fertilization, and Dispersal.

The final stage in a flowering plant life cycle is seed dispersal.

Soil texture (such as loam, sandy loam or clay) refers to the proportion of sand, silt and clay sized particles that make up the mineral fraction of the soil.

Physical changes:

The substance involved in a physical change is structurally identical before and after the change. Texture, shape, temperature, and a change in the state of matter are examples of physical changes.

Magnetization of iron is a physical change as it is a temporary change.

A storage pest is an insect or other animal that damages or destroys stored food or other stored valuable organic matter.

Grain borers, weevils and Angoumois grain moths are able to feed on whole, healthy grains, they are considered storage pests

The solid that remains on the filter paper is called the residue, and the liquid that passes through the filter paper is called the filtrate

The bulb will light up for an instant when the capacitor starts charging. Initially when key is closed, the capacitor acts as short-circuit, so bulb will light up. But finally the capacitor becomes fully charged, so it will act as open circuit, so bulb will not glow.

Calcium (Ca²⁺) and magnesium (Mg²⁺) are the causes the hardness of water.

Matter is Anything that can be weighed and takes up space. Therefore, the matter has both mass and volume. The cosmos is made up of a wide variety of substances and forms of stuff. Physical properties like color or mass. Chemical properties like how one form of matter interacts with another type of matter, are used by chemists to define matter.

All the above has mass (weight) and can occupy space.

Staking tomatoes provides support to help keep plants off the ground while assisting in their upward growth habit.

Because many diseases and insects start at the ground level, using a structured system to keep them away from ground contact is prudent.

Staking can also be used to prevent the fruit from beginning to rot as it sits on the ground as the stalk grows overtime.

Clayey soil rather swells when wet and shrinks when dry

Old devices use much more energy than new models

Venus and Mercury are more closer to the sun, Mars & Saturn are far away from the sun but more closer to the Earth

Pascal's law states that pressure in liquids is transmitted equally in all directions.

Pressure in liquids does not depend on the surface area.

The pressure exerted by a liquid increases with depth.

Afforestation is the process of introducing trees and tree seedlings to an area that has previously not been forested. Afforestation can be done through tree planting and seeding, naturally or artificially.

Gravitational force

The force due to which any matter is attracted towards the centre of the Earth is known as the force of gravity. The mango fell due to the force of gravity of Earth.

Urea and fertilizers containing urea are excellent sources of nitrogen for crop production.

NOTE: One must still conserve energy even when demand of energy is not high. Conversation will ensure that the resources used for the generation of the energy is reserved for future generations

Force meter measures force/weight of an object

A natural source of light is light that occurs naturally without the involvement of humans.

Natural sources of light can come from either an object or a living species.

Examples include the moon, Sun, stars, lightning, jellyfish, fireflies, glowworms, angler fish, etc.

Characteristics of image formed in a pinhole camera

(i) The image formed is real because it is visible on the screen

(ii) It is inverted

(iii) It is generally smaller/diminished than the size of the object

Area of a rectangle = Length x Breadth

Area of the floor = 20 m x 15 m = 300 m²

When the pressure is low, the air is free to rise into the atmosphere where it cools and condenses.

This condensation forms clouds made of water droplets and ice crystals around dust particles in the sky. Eventually the water vapor in the clouds condenses and falls as rain.

First Class Lever

A first-class lever has the fulcrum/pivot in the middle and the load and effort on each side of the fulcrum.

Examples of a first class lever

Pliers, scissors, a crow bar, a claw hammer, a see-saw and a weighing balance.

Second Class Lever

In second class levers the load is between the effort (force) and the fulcrum. A common example is a wheelbarrow where the effort moves a large distance to lift a heavy load, with the axle and wheel as the fulcrum.

Nutcrackers are also an example of a second class lever.

Third Class Lever

With third class levers the effort is between the load and the fulcrum, for example in barbecue tongs. Other examples of third class levers are a broom, a fishing rod, etc.

Green plants are called producers because they can prepare their own food by a process called photosynthesis.

In periodic table, the elements are listed in order of increasing atomic number. The atomic number is the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom.

Placing ¹⁄₂ in front of O₂ balances oxygen (making it 1 as it is at the right side of the equation).

Distillation is the process of separating the components of a liquid mixture through selective evaporation and condensation. The basis of separation is the difference in the vapor pressures (volatilities) of the respective components.

When an atom loses an electron it has positive charge (Cation) and gain negative charge (Anion)

Since the atomic number is 11, the atom in question is Sodium (Na). Sodium has +1 charge (Na⁺¹ = Na⁺) when it loses an electron during the bond.

Root

The root is the part of the tooth that extends into the bone and holds the tooth in place. It makes up approximately two-thirds of the tooth.

Enamel

The enamel is the outermost layer of a tooth. As the hardest tissue in your body, it helps to protect teeth from bacteria. It also provides strength so your teeth can withstand pressure from chewing.

Dentin

Dentin is a layer of mineralized tissue just below the enamel. It extends from the crown down through the neck and root. It protects teeth from heat and cold.

Geologist: scientist who study the Earth: its history, nature, materials and processes.

Astronaut: a person who has been trained for travelling in space

Mixed Cropping

When two or more crops are grown on the same land simultaneously (at the same time), it is known as mixed cropping

Mixed Farming

Growing crops as well as livestock, animal husbandry,etc all on same farm or land.

Crop Rotation

The practice of planting different crops across a sequence of growing seasons on the same plot of land to improve soil health, optimize nutrients in the soil, and combat pest and weed pressure.

Eclipse

The earth, along with the other planets, revolves around the sun in its orbit. In turn, the moon revolves around the earth in the moon’s orbit. There comes a time when the three heavenly bodies get aligned in the same straight line. This is when an eclipse occurs. It is defined as an astronomical phenomenon that occurs when one spatial object comes within the shadow of another spatial object. This obstructs the observer from seeing one of them in space. On earth, we witness two types of eclipses: solar and lunar.

Solar Eclipse

Also known as the eclipse of the sun, it occurs when the moon comes in between the sun and the earth. As a result, the moon blocks the light of the sun from reaching the earth's surface and casts a shadow on it. This occurs in a new moon phase.

Lunar Eclipse

Also known as the eclipse of the moon, it occurs when the earth comes in between the sun and the moon. As a result, the earth blocks the light of the sun from reaching the moon’s surface and casts its shadow on the moon. It occurs on a full moon day.

Metre-rule is used to measure length. Diameter of a circle is a length.

Thermometer is used to measure temperature

Ammeter is used for measuring either direct (DC) or alternating (AC) electric current, in amperes.

When a particle is heated

The intermolecular forces are the attractions between the molecules when temperature increases it develops more distance between molecules and because of this attraction decreases, resulting intermolecular force decreases.

Intermolecular forces decreases on heating as the particles gain energy and start vibrating.

The intermolecular space between particles increases and they overcome the intermolecular forces.

Hence, the intermolecular forces decrease on heating because kinetic energy increases and space between particles increases.

A shoot or seedling originates from the plumule of the seed’s embryo.

The arrow in the symbol indicates the direction of flow of conventional current (electron movement)

Mechanical digestion of protein begins in the mouth and continues in the stomach and small intestine. Chemical digestion of protein begins in the stomach and ends in the small intestine.

Copper and sulphur are elements. Diamond is made up of only carbon elements so can't be classified as a compound because compounds are made up of two or more different elements.

Sucrose (C₁₂H₂₂O₁₁) is simply the chemical name for sugar and is a compound that consists of various elements i.e. carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen that combine chemically in a definite ratio.