a)

Mean/Average = $\frac{\mathrm{Sum\; of\; items}}{\mathrm{Number\; of\; items}}$

Mean = $\frac{\mathrm{25\; +\; 27\; +\; 27\; +\; 27\; +\; 26\; +\; 26}}{6}$

Mean = $\frac{158}{6}$

Mean = 26.333 °C ≈ 26.33 °C

b)

Range = Highest - Lowest

Annual temperature range = Highest Temperature - Lowest Temperature

Highest Temperature = 27
Lowest Temperature = 23

Annual temperature range = 27 °C - 23°C
Annual temperature range = 4 °C

c)

Total annual rainfall = 43 + 53 + 137 + 145 + 183 + 234 + 127 + 74 + 178 + 201 + 99 + 30
Total annual rainfall = 1,504 mm

d)

Description of the pattern of rainfall distribution

1. The rainfall pattern is not evenly distributed because in June and October, the highest rainfall was recorded, December and January recorded the lowest rainfall figures
2. It rained in every month of the year
3. The months of June and October are the wettest
4. The rainfall in August shows a drop between the two peaks
5. December has the least rainfall
6. The total annual rainfall (1,504 mm) is high

a)

Gentle slope: The land form of gentle slope rises gradually from the ground to the top. The slope is always gentle in nature and it is sometimes referred to as slope with contour lines spaced apart.

b)

Steep slope: Contour lines that indicated steep slope are closely packed to show that the land form they represent rises more rapidly.

c)

Concave slope: It is a type of slope of a highland which starts gently but becomes steep from the mid portion to the summit. Its contours are widely spread at first on the ground (at the lower part) and gradually become close as it rises above the sea level.

d)

Convex slope: It is a slope in which the land is steep at first on the lower ground and gradually becomes more gentle on the higher level. The contours of the convex are closely packed at the beginning and then widened as the land rises higher.

a)

Duties of a citizen of Ghana

1. Payment of taxes: Every citizen of Ghana should honour his/her tax obligations to the state. The government's main source of revenue is taxes which is used to provide roads, schools, hospitals, etc.
2. Obedience to laws: It is the duty of every citizen to obey the laws of the country in order to ensure peace, stability and development
3. Prevention of criminal acts: Well-behaved citizens are expected to take measures that will prevent criminal activities because they destroy people's lives and property. It is therefore the duty of citizens to make available any useful information that will help the police in investigating a crime
4. Protection of state property: Every citizen is required to use all means available to him/her to ensure the safety of state property by protecting and maintaining state properties
5. Defence: A citizen is required to defend his/her country at all times and in all circumstances. In time of war, a citizen should be prepared to join the army when called upon in order to defend the country from external attack
6. Loyalty: A citizen is expected to defend all state documents, symbols, policies and secrets wherever he/she may find themselves
7. Voluntary service: A citizen is expected to provide such services as acting as a witness or jury at the law courts whenever he/she is called upon to do so
8. Communal labour: A citizen is expected to take part in communal labour whenever he/she is called upon to do so
9. Participating in national politics: A citizen should vote, stand for elections, etc.
10. Respect the rights of other citizens
11. Exhibit positive work ethics. A citizen is expected to work conscientiously in his/her lawfully chosen occupation
12. Respecting the rights of other citizens
13. Knowing the law: It is the duty of every citizen of Ghana to know and understand basic rights and duties under the constitution because ignorance of the law is no defence
14. Defending the 1992 constitution of Ghana: Every citizen has the duty to defend the 1992 constitution of Ghana since it protects our rights

b)

Rights of a citizen of Ghana

1. Right to freedom of his/her opinion
2. Right to acquire property through works
3. Right to live
4. Right to vote when qualified
5. Right to education, health care and freedom of association (religion)
6. Right to dignity
7. Right to personal liberty
8. Right to equality

a)

Conditions necessary for economic growth and high productivity

1. The use of modern technology: The use of computers, automated machines in agriculture and industries for instance has led to increase productivity in these sectors
2. Effective management: Management can acquire new skills from institutions like Ghana Institute of Management and Public Administration which enable them improve on their efficiency and also perform their supervisory duties well to achieve higher productivity
3. Planning and target setting: This is necessary for increase in output. The experts should undertake thorough feasibility studies, formulate and implement policies that would lead to resource exploitation for sustainable development of the country
4. Training of workers: This could take the form of technical or vocational education, on the job training, in-service training or other institutional training programme for workers
5. Paying high wages to workers: Workers whose performances are appreciable must be paid in accordance with their output. This serves as motivation for greater performance
6. The use of appropriate tools in farming, manufacturing and other sectors of the economy has led to higher productivity for local use and export to earn foreign exchange for the country

b)

Reasons why Ghana's economy is not growing

1. Inadequate Infrastructure: The economy of Ghana is not growing because of its poor infrastructural facilities. The country's roads and railway networks are very poor and the supply of electricity and communication system are under-developed. These poor infrastructural facilities hinder the exploitation of the country's natural resources
2. Negative attitude towards work: Many Ghanaians especially those in the public sector exhibit poor attitude to work like absenteeism, lateness, loitering, laziness and so on. These negative attitudes result in time lost to production, breaks in smooth running of production and these affect the quality of work
3. Illiteracy: There are many people who are illiterates in Ghana. It has been estimated that about 50% Ghanaian children of school going age do not attend school. Illiterate population cannot easily adopt modern technology and scientific methods of farming to increase output
4. Political instability: The frequent changes of government by the military and ethnic conflicts do not make the economy to grow. New governments tend to discontinue the plans of the government they replace. Ghana has had about three changes of government through coup d'états and these adversely affected the nation's development
5. Lack of capital: Capital in the form of machines, equipment and others are limited. Since we do not have the technology or cannot buy the machines which we can use to exploit our natural resources, the economy cannot grow
6. Lack of effective supervision: There is lack of effective supervision in the public sector. Supervision in the economy particularly in the government sector is very poor and workers loiter about, converse and work lotto thereby wasting working hours which could have been used to increase productivity to grow the economy

a)

Aims of the United Nations Organization (U.N.O)

1. To maintain and promote world peace and security
2. To promote the respect for human rights
3. To promote mutual respect for member states through co-operation in solving economic, social and cultural problems
4. To prevent re-occurrence of another world war

b)

Problems facing the United Nations Organization (U.N.O)

1. Financial problems: The U.N does not have adequate funds to implement and enforce its decisions or programs worldwide. The main source of revenue for the U.N is through the annual dues which member states pay. Some countries default in payment
2. Political hindrances: The veto exercise by some permanent members (countries) on the Security Council sometimes makes the organization weak because they abuse the veto power and the rule of law
3. Lack of regular (ready) troops: The absence of standing military personnel delays timely interventions by the U.N on war fronts
4. Division of the world into power blocs also poses a problem. It hinders co-operation among members and also prevents free and fair decisions at U.N.O. meetings