a)

Bad effects of deforestation

1. It exposes water bodies to excessive evaporation leading to their drying out
2. It exposes the land to erosion which destroys the surface soil
3. Medicinal plant/barks are destroyed and lost forever
4. The habitats of wildlife are destroyed leading to their extinction
5. It reduces rainfall since evapotranspiration is reduced
6. Forest trees which serve as wind breaks during rainstorms are destroyed
7. It leads to the depletion of timber species and affect the lumbering industry
8. It affects the climate leading to global warming
9. Loss of oxygen in the the atmosphere
10. Reduction in soil fertility
11. Leads to flooding
12. Leads to desertification
13. Decline in tourism

b)

Ways deforestation can be minimized in Ghana

1. Creation of forest reserves (where people are not allowed to cut down trees)
2. Creation of fetish grooves/forest
3. Undertaking reforestation and afforestation programmes
4. Creation of fire belts (to prevent the forest from being burnt)
5. Adoption of sedentary agricultural practices such as crop rotation, mixed cropping, cover cropping
6. Giving of public education on the preservation of forest vegetation
7. Enforcement of environmental laws
8. Exploitation of forest resources must be controlled by an identified body
9. Finding alternative source of fuel e.g. LPG, Biogas
10. Finding substitute for wood for construction purposes etc.

a)

Reasons for the migration of different ethnic groups in Ghana

1. Trading activities
2. Searching for fertile land for agriculture
3. Peace and security
4. To escape from wicked leaders
5. For defence and protection
6. Search for sources of water
7. Escape from natural disasters like drought/floods
8. Population explosion/increase in the population of the people
9. To gain more territories and resources

b)

Ways of sustaining peace and unity among the different ethnic groups in Ghana

1. Respect for each other's culture
2. Encouraging inter-ethnic marriages
3. Valuing the peace and stability the nation enjoys now
4. Appreciation other people's culture
5. The need for development consciousness
6. Exposing the youth to other people's cultural activities/way of life
7. Promoting the eating of various local dishes in homes, schools and public foundations
8. Taking part in the celebration of other people's cultural festivals
9. Accepting people from other ethnic groups to settle and work among you
10. Avoiding stereotyping
11. Tolerating/loving each other's views
12. Encouraging the Boarding School system
13. Adherence to the Rule of law
14. Organizing inter-ethnic sports and games
15. Public education on the need for ethnic unity
16. Showing patriotism and selflessness

a)

Contributions of Ghana to the United Nations Organization

1. Peace-keeping operations in Lebanon, Liberia, Serra-Leone, etc.
2. Catering for refugees from Liberia and Togo
3. Ghanaian public servants serving in the UNO organs and agencies e.g. Kofi Annan was the former Secretary General, Akua Kuenyehia as staff, etc.
4. Ghana served on two occasions as non-permanent member of the Security Council
5. Financial contribution - payment of dues, levies, etc.
6. Auditing of UN accounts by Ghana Audit Service, together with auditors from other countries
7. Hosting of UNO agencies and diplomats who visit the country

b)

Benefits Ghana enjoys from the United Nations Organization

1. Financial support from the World Bank
2. Loans from the IMF
3. UNDP programmes and projects in agricultural and rural development
4. Medical support and control of diseases by WHO
5. Benefits from the World Food programme
6. Observation of our election process and promotion of democratic governance in Ghana
7. Benefits from international conferences organized by the Economic and Social Council
8. Technical assistance in the area of health, education and industry

a)

Minerals mined in Ghana and where they are mined

Gold

1. Obuasi
2. Tarkwa
3. Bogoso
4. Prestea
5. Konongo
6. Kenyasi
7. New Abirem
8. Sekoti
9. Ayamfuri
10. Bibiani
11. Dunkwa-on-ofin
12. Namoorantenga
13. Dosi
14. Asonge

Diamond

1. Akwatia
2. Oda
3. Kade
4. Bonsa Valley
5. Ayamfuri

Crude oil

1. Cape Three Points
2. Takoradi

Salt

1. Ada
2. Accra
3. Keta
4. Ningo
5. Daboya
6. Apam
7. Elmina

Clay

1. Winneba
2. Vume
3. Oframase
4. Tanoso
5. Anfoega

Manganese

Nsuta

Limestone

Oterkpolu

b)

Ways in which minerals are important to the economy of Ghana

1. Job creation
2. Revenue generation for government
3. Income generation for employees
4. Foreign exchange earnings for the government
5. Development of communities/growth of towns
6. Improvement of the image of Ghana in the international community
7. Source of raw material for industries
8. Acquisition of skills
9. Provision of infrastructure and social amenities
10. Provision of scholarship
11. Creation of allied industries e.g. goldsmith
12. Attraction of foreign investors

a)

b)

Ways by which productivity can be increased in the primary sector

1. Providing good roads for movement
2. Providing improved storage facilities to reduce loss after harvesting
3. Supplying appropriate tools and equipment at affordable prices
4. Educating and training skilled personnel
5. Establishing more agro-based industries
6. Providing more credit facilities to producers in the primary sector
7. Establishing ready markets for primary products
8. Improving the land tenure system
9. Supplying improved hybrid seed/livestock to primary producers
10. Promoting the use of modern technology in production
11. Developing positive work attitudes
12. Waiving tax on imported inputs for the primary industry
13. Motivating primary producers to produce more e.g. bonus, guaranteed prices, etc.
14. Effective supervision and monitoring