a)

Features of a good map

A good map should have:
1. Title
2. A date
3. Key or legend
4. A scale
5. Convectional signs
6. Direction

b)

Difference of longitude between town 'A' and 'B' = 45^o - 0^o
Difference of longitude between town 'A' and 'B' = 45^o

Every 1^o = 4 minutes
45^o = 45 x 4 minutes = 180 minutes

60 minutes = 1 hour
180 minutes = 3 hours

East is addition and West is subtraction.

Time at town 'A' = 9 a.m. + 3 hours = 12 noon.

c)

Importance of rocks

1. Tourist Attraction

The shapes and layers of some rocks are so wonderful and beautiful that they sometimes serve as tourist attraction. For example, the unbrella rocks at Boti falls.

2. Sources of Minerals

Minerals such as gold, diamond and coal are obtained from rocks.

3. Building and Construction

Rocks like igneous and metamorphic are used in building houses, construction of bridges, dams, roads and sea ports.

4. Sources of Water

The source of underground water supply depends largely on the nature of rocks. An example is spring wells. Water can be obtained from the ground by constructing a well to reach the aquifer.

5. Source of Salt

Certain rocks contain salt which are mostly used by people living far from the coastal areas. One can be found at Daboya in Northern Ghana.

a)

Measures to reduce the pollution of water bodies

1. Treatment of industrial waste
2. Treatment of sewage before discharging in to rivers
3. Monitoring ships and pipeline against leakages
4. Reclamation of spilled oil
5. Change from chemical to organic fertilizers
6. Good fishing practices
7. Public education
8. Reduction of military conflicts through dialogues and mediation
9. Enforcement of legislations on water pollution
10. Provision of alternative sources of water for farm animals
11. Provision of public utilities/incinerators/toilets
12. Conduct of environmental impact assessment before mines are opened
13. Recycling of wastes

b)

Problems the rural areas of Ghana suffer from as a result of migration of the youthful population to the cities

1. Low production of food and other agricultural products
2. Increased number of broken homes as a result of breakdown of marriages
3. Lack of supervision of children which often creates a high incidence of child delinquency, early sex, teenage pregnancies and drug addiction
4. Poverty of women is high when their husbands desert them for greener pastures
5. Decline in local industries/rural crafts since there is mass exodus of the youth to the urban areas leaving family crafts behind
6. Loss of traditional cultural values
7. Loss of agricultural labour force
8. Decrease in population in the rural areas
9. Rural development slows down

a)

b)

Reasons for which Ghana enters into cooperation with other countries

1. Sharing of common ideas/technical co-operation
2. Fight common interests eg. hunger diseases
3. Settlement of dispute
4. Peace, unity and security
5. Co-existence/maintain friendly relationship
6. Energy supply
7. Common industrial and manufacturing projects
8. Common banking and insurance facilities
9. Improvement of transportation and communication network
10. Easy movement of goods and services
11. Wider markets
12. Promote culture solidarity and sports
13. Solicit financial assistance
14. Relief assistance
15. Military assistance

a)

b)

Ways to maintain law and order in schools

1. Enforcing the law: Law and order is maintained in the school when the laws governing the school is enforced. E.g. punishing students who are late to school to serve as deterrent for others.

2. Obedience/compliance with laws: Law and order is maintained in the school when we obey laws governing the behaviour of people. E.g. Attending morning assembly to prevent punishment.

3. Moral uprightness: When students lead good lives free from immoral acts such as smoking, alcoholism, stealing and violence, it helps to maintain law and order in the school.

4. Respect for authority: Law and order is maintained in the school when students show respect to those in authority. Students must respect the Head teacher, class teachers, senior prefects and colleagues.

5. Application of sanctions: When school authorities apply stiffer punishment/sanctions to student who break the law, it deters others from breaking the law.

a)

b)

Ways the forest vegetation in Ghana can be preserved

1. Creation of forest reserves where people are not allowed to cut down the trees or undertake farming activities
2. Creation of forest/sacred grooves
3. Reforestation and afforestation projects
4. Prevention of forest from being burnt down e.g. creation of fire belts, controlling the activities of palm wine tappers, institution of fire brigades etc.
5. Adoption of better agricultural practices such as mixed cropping, cover cropping, crop rotation, etc.
6. Public education on forest conservation
7. Implementation and enforcement of existing laws
8. Provision of substitutes to forest resources e.g. Liquefied Petroleum Gas (L.P.G)
9. Control of sand winning/mining activities in the forest

a)

Classifications of human resource

1. Academically trained persons e.g. Schoolteachers, medical doctors, lawyers, engineers
2. Artisans e.g tailors, carpenters, masons, electricians

b)

Measures to ensure efficient use of human resource in Ghana

1. Education

General education helps people to read and write producing intelligent and responsible people for administrative positions. Technical education provides the individual with skills in the field of engineering, construction, law, medicine, etc. Education makes it possible for a person to develop his/her potentials to become a valuable resource.

2. Training

After general education, training programmes impact new skills and correct common mistakes, among individuals while performing their duties. The objective of training is to make human labour more efficient.

3. Welfare services

The improvement in the welfare of the human being whose resources are needed also need to be taken into consideration to make labour more efficient. Such services as scholarships, insurance, health schemes, social security are conditions that help in developing human resource.

4. Working conditions

The general conditions under which people work also affects their productivity. A good working condition encourages the individual to bring out his/her best.

5. Remuneration

For human resources/labour to be developed efficiently, and quantitatively, one should be motivated. If the salaries and wages of workers are low, they will not be compelled to show extreme devotion to their work.

6. Employment

A person will be able to release his/her talents if he/she puts it into practical use. A person who has been trained should find a job to apply the skills and be utilized. Employment therefore affords the opportunity for labour to be put to the fullest benefit possible.

7. Efficient tools

Good working environment as well as efficient tools should be made available e.g. up-to-date computers etc.

8. Proper supervision

Management should effectively supervise subordinates for higher efficiency.