1.

Foods are digested before they are absorbed into the blood.

Figure 1 shows organs in the human digestive system.

Which organ is the stomach?

Tick (✓) one box.

2.

What type of enzyme is produced in the stomach?

Tick (✓) one box.

3.

Which term describes the pH in the stomach?

Give one reason why the stomach is this pH.

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4.

Which organ produces bile?

Tick (✓) one box.

5.

How does bile help in the digestion of foods?

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6.

A student tested different foods for the presence of protein, starch and sugar.

Draw one line from each food molecule to the reagent used to test for the food molecule.

7.

Give one safety precaution a student should take when using Benedict's solution.

8.

Table 1 shows the results for one food sample.

Table 1

Which of the tests show positive results?

Tick (✓) one box.

9.

Starch molecules are not absorbed into the blood from the digestive system.

Give one reason why.

10.

Figure 2 shows a section through a leaf.

Give one way that the palisade layer is adapted for photosynthesis.

11.

Figure 2 shows a section through a leaf.

Gases pass into and out of the leaf through small pores in the surface of the leaf.

What are the small pores labelled X called?

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12.

A student viewed a section of a leaf using a microscope.

The student measured the length of one of the palisade cells.

The cell image measured 28 mm in length when viewed at a magnification of ×400

Calculate the real length of the palisade cell in millimetres (mm).

Use the equation:

real length = $\frac{\mathrm{image\; length}}{\mathrm{magnification}}$

Convert the real length of the cell from millimetres to micrometres (µm).
1 mm = 1000 µm

13.

Carbon dioxide can move into and out of cells.

What is the process by which carbon dioxide can move into and out of cells?

Tick (✓) one box.

14.

Figure 3 shows a diagram of four cells.

Each cell is surrounded by carbon dioxide molecules

Which cell will carbon dioxide move into at the fastest rate?

Tick (✓) one box.

Give a reason for your answer.

15.

A student investigated the effect of different colours of light on the rate box of photosynthesis.

Figure 4 shows some of the apparatus the student used.

The student placed the apparatus in blue light, then in green light and then in red light.

The student measured the rate of photosynthesis in each colour of light.

What two measurements should the student make to calculate the rate of photosynthesis?

16.

A student investigated the effect of different colours of light on the rate box of photosynthesis.

Figure 4 shows some of the apparatus the student used.

The student placed the apparatus in blue light, then in green light and then in red light.

The student measured the rate of photosynthesis in each colour of light.

Give two variables the student should keep the same in this investigation.

17.

A student investigated the effect of different colours of light on the rate box of photosynthesis.

Figure 4 shows some of the apparatus the student used.

The student placed the apparatus in blue light, then in green light and then in red light.

The student measured the rate of photosynthesis in each colour of light.

Table 2 shows the results.

Complete Figure 5.

You should:
• label the y-axis
• use a suitable scale
• plot the data from Table 2 as a bar chart
• label each bar.

18.

A student investigated the effect of different colours of light on the rate box of photosynthesis.

Figure 4 shows some of the apparatus the student used.

The student placed the apparatus in blue light, then in green light and then in red light.

The student measured the rate of photosynthesis in each colour of light.

Table 2 shows the results.

What colour of light should be used to grow plants in a greenhouse?

Tick (✓) one box.

19.

Rose black spot is a disease where black spots develop on the leaves of rose plants.

What type of pathogen causes rose black spot disease?

Tick (✓) one box.

20.

Plants with rose black spot disease often have yellow leaves.

Suggest one reason why the leaves are yellow instead of green.

21.

Explain why plants with yellow leaves grow slowly.

22.

The spread of rose black spot can be controlled using different methods.

Draw one line from each method of control to the explanation of how it works.

23.

Tobacco plants may become infected with a pathogen called TMV.

What type of pathogen is TMV?

Tick (✓) one box.

24.

Malaria is a disease caused by a protist.

How is the malaria pathogen transferred to humans?

25.

How can the spread of malaria pathogens be reduced?

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26.

Cigarette smoking is the main cause of cancer in the UK.

Mutations in cells cause cancer.

Where in a cell do mutations happen?

Tick (✓) one box.

27.

Why do some cancers develop into large tumours?

Tick (✓) one box.

28.

Cigarette smoking has been linked to many different types of cancer.

Lung cancer is the most common type of cancer caused by smoking.

Suggest one reason why.

29.

A person with lung cancer can develop secondary cancers in other parts of the body.

Describe how this can happen.

30.

Sometimes a person may need a lung transplant.

The National Health Service (NHS) will not offer a lung transplant to a person who smokes.

Suggest one reason why.

31.

Figure 6 shows data about skin cancer in males for different age groups in the UK.

The data shows the number of new cases of skin cancer in one year.

How many more new cases of skin cancer are there in males aged 40 to 44 than in males aged 15 to 19?

Number of new cases = ...........................................

32.

Figure 6 shows data about skin cancer in males for different age groups in the UK.

The data shows the number of new cases of skin cancer in one year.

There are no new cases of skin cancer diagnosed in males younger than 15 years of age.

Suggest one reason why.

33.

Figure 6 shows data about skin cancer in males for different age groups in the UK.

The data shows the number of new cases of skin cancer in one year.

Give one conclusion from the data in Figure 6.

34.

Survival rates for all types of cancers have improved over the last 20 years.

Suggest two reasons why.

35.

What are two similarities between a bacterial cell and an animal cell?

Tick (✓) Two boxes.

36.

Salmonella food poisoning is caused by bacteria in food.

Give one symptom of salmonella food poisoning.

Do not refer to vomiting or diarrhoea in your answer.

37.

What is the name of the first antibiotic developed?

38.

A child with a severe bacterial infection was given a course of antibiotics.

Figure 7 shows how the concentration of live bacteria in the child's body changed when taking the course of antibiotics.

The concentration of live bacteria in the body continued to increase after starting the course of antibiotics.

Suggest one reason why.

39.

A child with a severe bacterial infection was given a course of antibiotics.

Figure 7 shows how the concentration of live bacteria in the child's body changed when taking the course of antibiotics.

After 3 days of taking the antibiotic:
• the child felt better
• there were still bacteria in the child's body.

Why did the child feel better?

Tick (✓) one box.

40.

Suggest why doctors do not give antibiotics to patients with minor infections.

41.

Figure 8 shows blood viewed using a microscope.

A vaccine will stimulate the production of antibodies.

Which part of the blood in Figure 8 produces antibodies?

Tick (✓) one box.

42.

Figure 8 shows blood viewed using a microscope.

Which part of the blood in Figure 8 starts the clotting process?

Tick (✓) one box.