i)

Aerobic respiration is the process of cellular respiration that takes place in the presence of oxygen gas to produce energy from food.

OR

Aerobic respiration is the breakdown/oxidation of organic food substance/glucose in the presence of oxygen to release large amount of energy, water and carbon dioxide as by-products.

ii)

Aerobic respiration requires oxygen while anaerobic respiration does not require oxygen.

OR

In aerobic respiration oxygen is used while in anaerobic respiration oxygen is not used.

i)

Respiratory organ is an organ used by living organisms for gaseous exchange

ii)

Structures of the respiratory system of humans

1. Trachea
2. Lungs
3. Alveolus
4. Larynx
5. Diaphragm
6. Bronchus/Bronchi
7. Nostril/Nose
8. Nasal cavity
9. Intercostals muscle
10. Ribs
11. Pharynx

(i)

Respiration is the breaking down of glucose in the cells with or without oxygen to release energy and bring out carbon dioxide and water vapour.

(ii)

The types of respiration that occur in humans

Aerobic and Anaerobic respiration

(i & ii)

Diseases that affect the respiratory system of human and their preventions

1. Pneumonia

Prevention

1. Covering the chest properly in cold weather
2. Not sleeping in drought conditions such as under a fan, in an open

2. Tuberculosis

Prevention

1. Avoid breathing in dust
2. Avoid smoking
3. Avoiding contact with TB patients

3. Cough

Prevention

1. Avoid eating cold foods
2. Warm food before eating

4. Asthma

Prevention

Avoid pollen dust,fur of animals and other substances that trigger allergic reactions

5. Influenza (flu)

Prevention

1. Avoid contact with infected persons
2. Wash hands frequently

6. Bronchitis

Prevention

Avoid exposure to cold

7. Whooping cough

Prevention

Use vaccine

8. Common cold

Prevention

Avoid inhaling dust particles

9. Lung cancer

Prevention

Avoid smoking

(i)

Respiration is the process whereby oxygen is used in living cells to breakdown food leading to the release of energy.

OR

Respiration involves the taking in of oxygen and giving out of carbon dioxide.

OR

Respiration is the breakdown of food to release energy.

(ii)

Differences between photosynthesis and respiration

(i)

Tilapia → Gills

(ii)

Toad → Lungs or skin or mouth

(i)

Breathing is the process by which animals take in oxygen and give out carbon dioxide through their lungs/respiratory organs.

(ii)

The human being respiratory system in order in which air from the atmosphere passes through them during breathing

Nostrils → Trachea → Bronchus → Lungs

(i)

Excretion is the process of removing metabolic waste/substances from the body of a living organism.

(ii)

Respiration is the process whereby oxygen is used in living cells to breakdown food leading to the release of energy.

OR

Respiration involves the taking in of oxygen and giving out of carbon dioxide.

OR

Respiration is the breakdown of food to release energy.

(iii)

Excretion → skin, kidney, lung, liver
Respiration → Lungs