a)

Socio-cultural practices that have outlived their usefulness and should be abolished

1. Female genital mutilation/female circumcision
2. Trokosi system (Vestal virgin)
3. Cruel/wicked widowhood rites
4. Tribal/facial masks
5. Forced marriage/wife capture
6. Human sacrifices
7. Child betrothal
8. Creation of witch camps
9. Inhuman treatment of deformed children

b

Ways by which traditional music and dance promote national development in Ghana

1. Intensifies the sense of communal living
2. Promotes entertainment and leisure
3. Promotes tourism and trade
4. Promotes good interpersonal relationships
5. Creates employment avenue for musicians and dancers
6. Source of foreign exchange
7. Serves as a means of social control
8. Provide opportunity to preserve cultural heritage
9. Serve as means of socialization
10. Create a sense of identity and belonging
11. Provide motivation for higher productivity
12. Provide a forum for moral education

a)

Examples of Ghanaian shared values

1. Tolerance
2. Hospitality
3. Perseverance
4. Diligence
5. Truthfulness
6. Respect for others
7. Modesty
8. Honesty
9. Selflessness
10. Humility
11. Peace
12. Resilience
13. Hard working
14. Love
15. Harmony
16. Justice and fairness

b)

Ways in which Ghanaian common values contribute to national integration

1. Prevention of ethnic conflict through tolerance
2. Promotion of democratic system of governance by respecting the views of others
3. Peaceful co-existence and good interpersonal relationship through selflessness
4. Promoting accountability, probity and transparency in public life through honesty
5. Promoting fair arbitration and reconciliation in settlement of disputes
6. Promoting respect and equality in society through humility and modesty
7. Creation of peaceful environment for tourism and investment leading to socio-economic development
8. Hard work and resilience lead to socio-economic development of the society
9. Love promotes good neighbourliness
10. Justice and fairness promote respect for human rights
11. Humility leads to respect and peaceful co-existence and reconciliation
12. Perseverance leads to will-power to achieve collective goals for society
13. Tolerance leads to peace and unity and social cohesion

a)

Socio-cultural practices that promote societal development

1. Marriage
2. Festival
3. Funerals
4. Chieftaincy
5. Puberty rite
6. Pouring of libation
7. Naming ceremony
8. Music and dance
9. Folklore and drama

b)

Reasons for which funeral rites are instituted and performed in the Ghanaian traditional society

1. To encourage good moral and social life through remarks, comments, songs and dirges performed during the ceremonies
2. To provide a period of reconciliation with the dead person. This will enable the dead to have a perfect rest
3. To serve as a means of giving or showing last respect and honour to the dead
4. To create a sense of unity and solidarity among people
5. To provide opportunity for settling disputes and quarrels
6. To provide opportunity for friends and sympathizers to support the bereaved family
7. They serve as occasions for home-coming and reunion of family members
8. To mark the separation of the dead from the living
9. To portray and preserve the cultural heritage of the people
10. To provide occasions for the living to send message to the ancestors
11. To provide custodian arrangements for the properties/estates of the deceased
12. Funeral celebration marks the beginning of the journey of the dead to the spiritual world
13. It provides opportunity for discussing matters affecting the family
14. To remove fear of punishment of the living in case the rites are not performed

(a)

A constitution is a set of rules and regulations used for the administration and management of a nation. It is the highest/supreme law of the land to which all other laws must conform. Examples of constitutions are written and unwritten constitutions.

(b)

Ways by which the 1992 constitution of Ghana promotes nation building

1. Ensuring good governance
2. Enforcing law and order
3. Ensuring political stability for national integration and development
4. Ensuring sense of national identity for citizens/Ensuring sense of belongingness
5. Ensuring the operations of rule of law
6. Protecting minority groups and their opinions
7. Ensuring the protection of human rights
8. Abolishing bad cultural practices
9. Providing good leadership
10. Provides for and guarantees peace needed by both the individual and the state
11. Establishes the organs of government and their functions
12. Enforces government to undertake even development of all regions
13. Ensures peaceful change of government