(a)

Socialization agent is a person in an agency/institution such as family, a church and a community who carries out the functions of socialization. The agents include parents, family members, teachers, priests, peers, opinion leaders, etc.

(b)

Role of the educational institutions in the socialization process

1. Character and moral training
2. Provision of vocational and occupational skills
3. Development of mental and intellectual abilities
4. Promotes co-operation and harmonious living
5. Transmission of culture
6. Teaching how to read and write
7. Provision of communication skills

a)

Agencies responsible for the socialization of the child

1. Home/family
2. School
3. Peer group
4. Community
5. Police/military service
6. Mass media
7. Church/mosque/shrine
8. Workplace/organisation

b)

Challenges inherent in the socialization process of the child

1. Financial problems/poverty of the family
2. Immoral behaviour of some parents and family members
3. Influence of bad peer groups - gansters, drug addicts, armed robbers, etc.
4. Negative influence of people living in slums or in the neighbourhood;gambling and immoral life practices
5. Influence of mass media
6. Broken homes/divorce
7. Urbanization influence
8. Influence of formal education
9. Emergence of nuclear family system
10. Influence of foreign culture
11. Stubborn nature of the child
12. Influence of foreign religion
13. Irresponsible parenting

a)

Deviant behaviour is a repulsive/absurd/awkward behaviour that is against the norms and values of society and is therefore disliked/eschewed by the society.

Examples include stealing, quarrelling, gossiping, adultery, murder, bullying, teasing people, theft, telling lies, prostitution, incest, smoking, cheating, abortion, laziness, etc.

b)

Ways in which the home helps to minimize deviant behaviour among the youth

1. Proper upbringing of children
2. Socialization of members
3. Setting rules and regulations for children
4. Being firm and fair in dealing with children (youth)
5. Disciplining youth who go wayward
6. Providing the needs of the children (youth)
7. Provision of guidance and counselling services
8. Training the children (youth) to be responsible for their actions
9. Provision of functional/vocational skills
10. Adults serve as role models in the home

(a)

Socialization is the total process by which the older generation makes a conscious effort to pass on the culture of the society to the younger generation to enable them become responsible and useful members of the society. It starts from birth to death. Because culture is dynamic, socialization process also changes from time to time.

(b)

Role of the media in the socialization process of the citizen

1. Imparting knowledge to individuals
2. Dissemination of information
3. Skill training
4. Entertainment
5. Provision of religious and moral teachings
6. Preservation of cultural heritage
7. Ensuring social cohesion/national integration
8. Mobilization of people for work
9. Provision of public education

(a)

Socialization is the total process by which the older generation makes a conscious effort to pass on the culture of the society to the younger generation to enable them become responsible and useful members of the society. It starts from birth to death. Because culture is dynamic, socialization process also changes from time to time.

(b)

Ways by which socialization is promoted in the Ghanaian society

1. Encouraging children to participate in cultural programmes
2. Provision of moral education to younger generation
3. Organization of cultural festivals in the communities and schools
4. Production and staging of patriotic songs
5. Broadcasting of dramatic performance that show virtues and values of the society
6. Imparting knowledge and skills
7. Provision of opportunities for domestic training
8. Provision of opportunity for occupational training of the youth
9. Helping the young ones to develop good behaviour pattern
10. Teaching children how to read and write