(a)

Marriage is the union between a man and a woman who have agreed and accepted to live together as husband and wife after they have gone through a process and performed all the customary rites recognized in the society as married people.

(b)

Challenges that confront a married couple in the Ghanaian society

1. Financial problems/difficulties
2. Infertility/Childlessness
3. Ineffective communication system
4. Persistent and unnecessary interference by in-laws
5. Lack of sexual satisfaction
6. Unfaithfulness/Infidelity
7. Prolonged sickness/disease
8. Excessive use of alcohol and drugs
9. Verbal or physical abuse
10. Over reaction and disagreement on marital issues

(a)

Socialization is the total process by which the older generation makes a conscious effort to pass on the culture of the society to the younger generation to enable them become responsible and useful members of the society. It starts from birth to death. Because culture is dynamic, socialization process also changes from time to time.

(b)

Ways by which socialization is promoted in the Ghanaian society

1. Encouraging children to participate in cultural programmes
2. Provision of moral education to younger generation
3. Organization of cultural festivals in the communities and schools
4. Production and staging of patriotic songs
5. Broadcasting of dramatic performance that show virtues and values of the society
6. Imparting knowledge and skills
7. Provision of opportunities for domestic training
8. Provision of opportunity for occupational training of the youth
9. Helping the young ones to develop good behaviour pattern
10. Teaching children how to read and write

(a)

(b)

Roles of a leader in nation building

1. Enforcement of rules and regulations
2. Formulation of policies for development
3. Leading in decision making
4. Helps followers to develop their skills
5. Supervision and control of followers and projects
6. Implementation of policies
7. Building team spirit
8. Provides external relations
9. Settlement of disputes and resolving problem
10. Gives orientation and direction to followers

(a)

Democratic governance is a system of administration a state, a group or a community through elected representatives in which consensus building, adherence to rule of law, respect for human rights, accountability and transparency among others are the guiding principles in determining the direction and management of affairs.

(b)

Benefits Ghana derives from practising democratic governance

1. Protection of Fundamental Human Rights
2. Ensures peaceful change of government
3. Promotes good governance
4. Promotes grassroots participation in the affairs of governance
5. Prevents dictatorship
6. Safe destination for investors
7. Free expression and exchange of ideas/openions
8. Political stability
9. Ensures accountability and transparency in governance
10. Strengthening of democratic institutions
11. Guarantees equality before the law/Operation of rule of law
12. Enhances international recognition

(a)

Difference between natural rights and political rights

Natural rights are the conditions/basic rights, which are inherent in man and cannot be taken away from him. They exist independently of the laws of government or society. They are also called fundamental human rights. Examples include right to life, right to personal liberty, right to freedom of movement, right to freedom of speech, right to marry and raise family, right of association, etc.

However, political rights are the rights, which enable an individual to participate in the governance or management of the affairs of a state. Examples include the right to vote, the right to be voted for, the right to form or join a political party, the right to campaign, etc.

(b)

Ways by which the state protects the rights of the individual in Ghana

1. Entrenchment of rights in the constitution of Ghana
2. Establishment and effective use of independent judiciary
3. Existence and free use of the mass media
4. Existence and free use of Commission on Human Rights and Administrative Justice (CHRAJ)
5. Provision of free legal aid by the state
6. Public education on the rights of individuals
7. Practice of democratic system of governance
8. Periodic inspection of prisons
9. Upholding of international guarantees
10. Provision and efficient policing

(a)

Resource development is the quantitative and qualitative improvement in a country's tools, capabilities and assets that can be used to produce goods and services.

(b)

Measures that are adopted to develop human resource in Ghana

1. Provision of education
2. Provision of technical and vocational education
3. Provision of Career counselling
4. Apprenticeship/On-the-job training
5. Creating employment opportunities
6. Adequate remuneration and incentives to motivate workers
7. Provision of refresher or in-service training for the workers
8. Provision of organized visits to established institutions
9. Provision of required inputs and equipment
10. Good labour management and supervision at workplaces

(a)

Vicious cycle of population growth

Explanation of the vicious cycle of population growth illustrated above

1. The result of a high population growth rate of 3.4% is high dependency burden since majority of the population are young and partly aged who depend mostly on the working population

2. This leads to low savings by individuals to affect investment by government and private people in the country

3. Low investments brings about low economic growth which consequently leads to low standard of living in the country

4. This low standard of living finally leads to high population growth since many poor/people facing financial challenges find it difficult to afford efficient family planning methods and tend to raise large family size and this restarts the vicious cycle with high population growth

(b)

Measures that can be adopted to break the vicious cycle of population growth in Ghana

1. The use of efficient family planning methods
2. Promotion of girls education
3. Public education on the effects of rapid population growth
4. Change in attitudes towards large family size
5. Incentives package for couples with small family size
6. Discouragement of early marriage
7. Enforcement of immigration laws
8. Provision of sex education/family life education in school
9. Provision of employment/executive of poverty alleviation schemes
10. Adherence to the existing population policy